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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2017-02-17 to 2017-05-17
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult items and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: I15EB1917
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2017-09-07 (retest date)
- Purity test date: 2017-06-07 (certificate of analysis release date)

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: solubility in water: 0.01 g/L

Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Sampling method: Samples were taken before the start of the test and after 72 hours from each test medium and from the control. In addition, the filter containing undissolved residue was kept for possible analysis. Additionally, reserve samples of 2.0 mL were taken for possible analysis. At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Stored in a freezer until analysis.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Due to an expected low water solubility of the test item, a saturated solution (SS) was prepared. The preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying three days of magnetic stirring at room temperature to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in test medium. The obtained aqueous mixture was filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (Whatman; RC55) to remove the undissolved fraction of the test item. The filter was pre-conditioned with a small volume of test solution that was discarded. The resulting SS was used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the SS in test medium.
After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 mL of an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10^4 cells/mL.
- Controls: yes
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): All final test solutions were clear and colourless
Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Algal stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C. M1 medium was used.
- Pre-culture: 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in M2 medium at a cell density of 1E+04 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. Cell density was measured before use.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not relevant (except pre-culture 3 days before start of the test)
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Hardness:
24 mg CaCO3/L
Test temperature:
22-23 °C
pH:
t=0h: 8.2-8.3
t=72h: 8.0-8.2
Dissolved oxygen:
not applicable
Salinity:
not relevant
Conductivity:
not relevant
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Range-finder:
nominal test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100% of a SS prepared at 100 mg/L (100% analysed)
measured test concentration t = 0 h: n.d., 7.30, 7.47 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 24 h: n.d., 7.31, 7.42 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 72 h: n.d., 6.94, 6.22 mg/L

Final test:
nominal test concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100% of a SS prepared at 100 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 0 h: n.d., 0.987, 1.91, 3.34, 3.41, 5.91, 10.7 mg/L
measured test concentration t = 72 h: n.d., 0.723, 1.64, 3.02, 3.16, 5.56, 10.2 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL all-glass flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): capped vessels
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL all-glass flasks filled with 50 mL test solution
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 220.7 x 10,000 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”) formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
NaNO3 500 mg/L
K2HPO4.3H2O 52 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 75 mg/L
Na2CO3.10H2O 54 mg/L
C6H8O7.H2O 6 mg/L
NH4NO3 330 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O 35 mg/L
C6H5FeO7.xH2O 6 mg/L
H3BO3 2.9 mg/L
MnCl2.4H2O 1.81 mg/L
ZnCl2 0.11 mg/L
CuSO4.5H2O 0.08 mg/L
(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.018 mg/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M2, according to the OECD 201 Guideline, formulated using Milli-RO water.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes (M1 versus M2). Three days before the start of the test the algal stock culture (culture in M1) was inoculated in the same culture medium (M2) used in the test. The culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test.
- Intervals of measurements: pH was measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. Temperature was continuously measured in a control vessel. At the end of the final test microscopic observations were performed on all test concentrations to observe for any abnormal appearance of the algae.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no information
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: using TLD-lamps (with a light intensity within the range of 81 to 86 µE.m-2.s-1)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]: At the beginning, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength = 20mm).
- Effect calculated parameters: specific growth rate and yield

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: x1.8
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100% of the SS (setup as combined range finder/limit test)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
potassium dichromate
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 10 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
>= 10 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (geom. mean)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Details on results:
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- 72-h EC50 (yield) > 10 mg T002078/L
- 72-h EC10 (growth rate) > 10 mg T002078/L
- 72-h EC10 (yield) = 2.8 mg T002078/L (95% C.L. 2.2-3.3 mg/L)
- 72-h NOEC (yield) = 0.84 mg T002078/L (statistical), 1.8 mg T002078/L (biological)
Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- 72-h EC50 (growth rate) = 1.2 mg/L (95% C.L. 1.1 to 1.2 mg/L)
- 72-h EC50 (yield) = 0.43 mg/L (95% C.L. 0.42 to 0.44 mg/L)
Reported statistics and error estimates:
For determination of the NOEC and the EC50 the approaches recommended in the OECD guideline 201 were used. An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the negative control revealed significant inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield (Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller).
Additionally, the EC10 and EC20 were determined to meet the recommendations as put down in "A Review of Statistical Data Analysis and Experimental Design in OECD Aquatic Toxicology Test Guidelines" by S. Pack, August 1993.
Calculation of ECx values was based on probit analysis using linear maximum likelihood regression with the percentages of growth rate inhibition and the percentages of yield inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding average exposure concentrations of the test item.
For growth rate inhibition the 72h-EC10, the 72h-EC20 and the 72h-EC50 could not be calculated because the observed effects were below 10%. For yield inhibition the 72h-EC50 could not be calculated because the observed effects were below 50%.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
A 72-h growth inhibition test with the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was performed with the test substance T002078 according to the OECD guideline 201 (GLP conditions). The 72-h EC50 for inhibition of both growth rate and yield was beyond the range tested, i.e. exceeded the average exposure concentration of 10 mg/L, being considered the maximum solubility of test item in test medium. The statistically determined 72-h NOEC for inhibition of both growth rate and yield was 0.84 mg/L. However, the statistically (and biologically) relevant 72-h NOEC was 10 mg/L for growth rate and 1.8 mg/L for yield. The results of the test can be considered reliable without restrictions.

Description of key information

The study of Bouwman (2017), investigating the acute toxicity of T002078 to algae according to OECD guideline 201, was considered as the key study for endpoint coverage. The statistically (and biologically) relevant 72-h NOEC and 72-h EC50 for growth rate were determined to be >= 10 mg/L and >10 mg/L (being considered the maximum solubility of test item in test medium) respectively. The substance can be considered as not harmful to algae.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information