Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 204-024-4 | CAS number: 113-24-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-10-10 to 2017-11-07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted on 17 July 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 30 May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Version / remarks:
- January 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant in Balatonfüred, Hungary, on 03 October 2017 (seven days before the main test).
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: washed by centrifugation, supernatant liquid phase decanted, solid material re-suspended in isotonic saline solution and again centrifuged (procedure repeated twice); aliquot of final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined; washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 5 g dry material per litre mixed with test water (mineral medium) and then aerated under test conditions (for 7 days) until use; pH adjustment of activated sludge inoculum was not performed.
- Pre-conditioning (03-10 October 2017): Aeration (2 L/minute) of activated sludge (in mineral medium) for 7 days at the test temperature.
- Concentration of sludge: 2.0 mL per litre test medium
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: 104 - 106 cells/L
- Sludge filtered: Yes (after preparation)
- Type of filter used: Cotton wool - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 7 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: In water (purified deionised) analytical grade salts were added to prepare the following stock solutions
a)
KH2PO4, 8.50 g
K2HPO4, 21.75 g
Na2HPO4 x 12H2O 67.16 g1
NH4Cl 0.50 g
Water ad. 1000 mL
b)
CaCl2 x 2H2O 36.40 g
Water ad. 1000 mL
c)
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 22.50 g
Water ad. 1000 mL
d)
FeCl3 x 6H2O 0.125 g
Water ad. 500 mL2
- Additional substrate: No
- Test temperature: 20.0 - 20.1 °C
- pH: 7.38 at start of the test
- pH adjusted: No
- Aeration of mineral medium: Yes
- Continuous darkness: Yes
- Oxygen concentration of the test water: 8-9 mg/L
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Incubator with thermometer with exclusion of light
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 16 (+2 reserve)
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Aeration of mineral medium at preparation test solutions
- Measuring equipment: Built-in thermometer, O2 electrode [working based on LDO (Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen) method], pH meter with appropriate pH electrode
- Test performed in closed vessels: Yes, closed with glass stoppers
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Oxygen measurements were performed in all duplicate bottles in all groups on days 0, 2, 5, 7, 12, 14, 21 and 28.
- Sampling method: The oxygen concentration was measured with an O2 electrode [working based on LDO (Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen) method].
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 16 replicates (+ 2 reserve)
- Positive control: 16 replicates (+ 2 reserve)
- Toxicity control: 16 replicates (+ 2 reserve) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- Not performed.
- Test performance:
- VALIDITY OF THE TEST
- Inoculum Control: Oxygen depletion in the inoculum control does not exceed 1.5 mg O2/L after 28 days.
- Oxygen Concentration: The residual oxygen concentration in the test bottles does not drop below 0.5 mg O2/L at any time.
- The difference of duplicate values for the degradation at the plateau, at the end of the test or at the end of the 10-d window is not greater than 20 %.
- Reference Item: The percentage degradation of the reference item reaches the level for ready biodegradability (> 60 %) by exposure day 14.
The test is valid. There was no deviation from the guidelines and the study plan in this study. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 81.6
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The highest biodegradation value for the test item of 83.1 % was obtained on the 21st day of the test. The biodegradation curve reached its plateau about on the 7th day, from that day slight increases in biodegradability values occurred; however for informative reason the test was not stopped before the 28th day. The test item biodegradation of 66.6 % was above the pass level of 60 % of ThODNH4 already on the fifth day of the test consequently fulfilled the criterion for ready biodegradability since it surely reached the pass level of 60 % of ThODNH4 in a 10-day window within the 28-d period of the test.
- Results with reference substance:
- The percentage degradation of the reference item reaches the level for ready biodegradability (> 60 %) by exposure day 14.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered to be ready biodegradable, since a mean biodegradation of 81.6 % was reached after 28 days based on its ThODNH4. The 10-day criterion was fulfilled and all validity criteria of the guidelines were met.
- Executive summary:
To determine the ready biodegradability of the test item, a GLP-compliant Closed Bottle Test according to OECD Guideline 301 D, EU Method C.4-E and EPA OPPTS 835-3110 was performed. The test item was exposed to activated sludge from the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant in completely full and closed bottles in the dark at controlled temperature (22 ± 2 oC) for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. The test item was investigated at the concentration of 7.0 mg/L, chosen based on its theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4, assuming that no nitrification occurs) of 0.73mg O2/mg. In parallel (under the same conditions as the test item), positive reference item, sodium benzoate at the concentration of 3.0 mg/L (as procedure control), inoculum control and toxicity control were investigated. In result, the percentage biodegradation of the test item reached a mean of 81.6 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4. The 10-day window criterion for ready biodegradation was unequivocally fulfilled; more than 60 % biodegradation of the test item (66.6 %, based on its ThODNH4) was observed on the fifth day of the test. The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 84.0 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 90.7 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a mean of 54.9 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 55.5 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. In conclusion, the test item is considered to be ready biodegradable, since fulfilled the pass level for ready biodegradability that is the removal of 60 % ThODNH4in a 10-day window. The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed as not inhibitory at the applied concentration level on the activated sludge microorganisms because the degradation in the toxicity control group was higher than 25 % within 14 days. All validity criteria of the guidelines were met.
Reference
Table 1: Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration [mg/L] |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
|||||||
No. |
0 |
2 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
||
Test item |
7.0 |
1a |
9.29 |
6.37 |
5.08 |
3.90 |
3.75 |
3.71 |
3.68 |
3.72 |
1b |
9.30 |
6.42 |
4.91 |
4.14 |
3.85 |
3.90 |
3.87 |
3.84 |
||
mean |
9.30 |
6.40 |
5.00 |
4.02 |
3.80 |
3.81 |
3.78 |
3.78 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
9.27 |
6.43 |
4.90 |
4.69 |
3.88 |
3.65 |
3.57 |
3.12 |
2b |
9.29 |
6.18 |
5.14 |
4.23 |
3.95 |
3.78 |
3.71 |
3.65 |
||
mean |
9.28 |
6.31 |
5.02 |
4.46 |
3.92 |
3.72 |
3.64 |
3.39 |
||
Inoculum control |
– |
3a |
9.21 |
8.78 |
8.37 |
7.96 |
7.91 |
7.96 |
7.91 |
7.81 |
3b |
9.24 |
8.76 |
8.26 |
7.88 |
7.92 |
7.76 |
7.96 |
7.92 |
||
mean |
9.23 |
8.77 |
8.32 |
7.92 |
7.92 |
7.86 |
7.94 |
7.87 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 7.0 |
4a |
9.31 |
4.66 |
2.94 |
1.78 |
1.58 |
1.39 |
1.38 |
1.29 |
4b |
9.29 |
4.52 |
3.07 |
1.93 |
1.31 |
1.34 |
1.35 |
1.31 |
||
mean |
9.30 |
4.59 |
3.01 |
1.86 |
1.45 |
1.37 |
1.37 |
1.30 |
Table 2: Oxygen Depletion at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration [mg/L] |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
||||||
No. |
2 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
||
Test item |
7.0 |
1a |
2.47 |
3.30 |
4.09 |
4.23 |
4.22 |
4.32 |
4.21 |
1b |
2.43 |
3.48 |
3.86 |
4.14 |
4.04 |
4.14 |
4.10 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
2.39 |
3.46 |
3.28 |
4.08 |
4.26 |
4.41 |
4.79 |
2b |
2.66 |
3.24 |
3.76 |
4.03 |
4.15 |
4.29 |
4.28 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 7.0 |
4a |
4.20 |
5.46 |
6.23 |
6.42 |
6.56 |
6.64 |
6.66 |
4b |
4.32 |
5.31 |
6.06 |
6.67 |
6.59 |
6.65 |
6.62 |
oxygen depletion : (mt0- mtx) - (mbo- mbx), where:
mt0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day 0 (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mtx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day x (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mb0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day 0 (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
mbx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day x (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
Table 3:BOD at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration [mg/L] |
Flask |
BOD after n days of exposure |
||||||
No. |
2 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
||
Test item |
7.0 |
1a |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.58 |
0.60 |
0.60 |
0.62 |
0.60 |
1b |
0.35 |
0.50 |
0.55 |
0.59 |
0.58 |
0.59 |
0.59 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
0.79 |
1.15 |
1.09 |
1.36 |
1.42 |
1.47 |
1.60 |
2b |
0.88 |
1.08 |
1.25 |
1.34 |
1.38 |
1.43 |
1.43 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 7.0 |
4a |
0.42 |
0.55 |
0.62 |
0.64 |
0.66 |
0.66 |
0.67 |
4b |
0.43 |
0.53 |
0.61 |
0.67 |
0.66 |
0.67 |
0.66 |
Table 4: Percentage Biodegradation at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration [mg/L] |
Flask |
Percent of biodegradation after n days of exposure |
||||||
No. |
2 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
||
Test item |
7.0 |
1a |
48.4 |
64.8 |
80.3 |
83.1 |
82.8 |
84.9 |
82.7 |
1b |
47.7 |
68.4 |
75.8 |
81.4 |
79.3 |
81.4 |
80.6 |
||
mean |
48.0 |
66.6 |
78.0 |
82.2 |
81.1 |
83.1 |
81.6 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
47.7 |
69.2 |
65.5 |
81.6 |
85.1 |
88.2 |
95.8 |
2b |
53.1 |
64.8 |
75.1 |
80.6 |
82.9 |
85.8 |
85.6 |
||
mean |
50.4 |
67.0 |
70.3 |
81.1 |
84.0 |
87.0 |
90.7 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 7.0 |
4a |
35.1 |
45.6 |
52.0 |
53.6 |
54.8 |
55.5 |
55.6 |
4b |
36.1 |
44.4 |
50.6 |
55.7 |
55.0 |
55.6 |
55.3 |
||
mean |
35.6 |
45.0 |
51.3 |
54.7 |
54.9 |
55.5 |
55.5 |
Description of key information
The substance is readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
To determine the ready biodegradability of the test item, a GLP-compliant Closed Bottle Test according to OECD Guideline 301 D, EU Method C.4-E and EPA OPPTS 835-3110 was performed. The test item was exposed to activated sludge from the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant in completely full and closed bottles in the dark at controlled temperature (22 ± 2 oC) for 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. The test item was investigated at the concentration of 7.0 mg/L. In parallel, a procedure control, inoculum control and toxicity control were conducted. In result, the percentage biodegradation of the test item reached a mean of 81.6 % after 28 days based on its ThODNH4. The 10-day window criterion for ready biodegradation was unequivocally fulfilled; more than 60 % biodegradation of the test item (66.6 %, based on its ThODNH4) was observed on the fifth day of the test. The procedure confirmed the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum and no indications for inhibitory at the applied concentration level on the activated sludge microorganisms were noted. In conclusion, the test item is considered to be ready biodegradable, since fulfilled the pass level for ready biodegradability that is the removal of 60 % ThODNH4in a 10-day window. All validity criteria of the guidelines were met (reference 5.2.1 -1).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.