Registration Dossier
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EC number: 204-145-2 | CAS number: 116-53-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The substance is harmful after acute oral or dermal exposure (Cat. 4, H302 and H312), but does not cause mortality at saturated vapour concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 200 - 300 g
- Fasting period before study: overnight
- Diet: standard lab diet ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on oral exposure:
- MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 4 mL/kg bw
- Doses:
- males: 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mL/kg bw
females: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mL/kg bw - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: on days 0 (prior to treatment), 7, and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- LD50 value was calculated using the moving average method (Thompson, 1947; Weil, 1983)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 750 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Using a density of 0.936 kg/L, the calculated LD50 of 1.87 mL/kg bw is equivalent to 1750 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- Most deaths occurred at 1.5 to 2 days. However, three females died at 10 to 14 days. Survivors recovered at one to three days.
Males: 0/5, 3/5 and 5/5 of the low, middle and high dose group died
Females: 0/5, 0/5, 1/5, 2/5, 5/5 of the 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mL/kg bw dose group died, respectively - Clinical signs:
- Signs of toxicity included sluggishness, lacrimation, unkempt fur, kyphosis (in 2), prostration, a moribund appearance, diarrhea, red to brown discharge on perioral, perinasal and periurogenital fur.
- Body weight:
- Males: body weight gain at 1.0 mL/kg bw; bodyw eight reduced at 2.0 mL/kg bw
Females: no body weight gain at all dose levels - Gross pathology:
- Dead animals: stomach abnormalities (discoloration, brown liquid or gas, gastric collapse); discoloure dlungs; brown to dark red livers, intstines, and kidneys.
Survivors: small stomachs and spleens; rough stomach surfaces, adhesion of the stomach to liver or spleen, enlarged and mottled red kidneys. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 was 1750 mg/kg bw in male and female rats. Necropsy findings in survivors revealed irritation/corrosion of the stomach and intestines.
- Executive summary:
Oral toxicity was investigated in a study similar to OECD TG 401. Male and female rats (n=5 per sex per dose) were exposed against different doses of test substance up to 4 mL/kg bw (3744 mg/kg bw by calculation on basis of substance density of 0.936 kg/L). Exposed animals showed signs of toxicity including sluggishness, lacrimation, unkempt fur, kyphosis, prostration, a moribund appearance, diarrhea, red to brown discharge on perioral, perinasal and periurogenital fur. Female rats of all dose groups and male rats at doses >= 2 mL/kg bw did not gain body weight. The following findings were observed at necropsy of dead animals: stomach abnormalities (discoloration, brown liquid or gas, gastric collapse), discoloured lungs, brown to dark red livers, intstines, and kidneys. Necropsy of the surving animals revealed the following effects: small stomachs and spleens; rough stomach surfaces, adhesion of the stomach to liver or spleen, enlarged and mottled red kidneys.Using the moving average method an LD50 value of 1.87 mL/kg bw (corresponding to 1750 mg/kg bw) was calculated for male and female rats.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Value:
- mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- sufficient for evaluation
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Inhalation Risk Test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- fixed concentration procedure
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 200 - 300 g - Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: animal chmaber
- Exposure chamber volume: 100 to 152 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: in cage
- Source and rate of air: air in the exposure chamber
- System of generating atmosphere: 100 g of the test material was placed in the sealed exposure chamber for approx. 18 hours. A mixing fan periodically agitated the chamber atmosphere to aid in distribution of the vapour. Oxgen was added, as needed, to maintain approx. 20% of oxygen. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 6 h
- Concentrations:
- saturation
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: on days 0 (prior to treatment), 7, and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- none
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 8 375 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 6 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: There were no signs of toxicity and no gross lesions at necropsy.
- Mortality:
- No death during exposure or thereafter
- Clinical signs:
- other: None noted
- Body weight:
- Increase in males from 280 g on day 0 to 339 g on day 14. No significant body weight gain in females (237 g before treatment, 244 g at day 14 (all values means).
- Gross pathology:
- No gross lesions noted
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Male and female rats (5 per sex) survived a 6-hour whole body exposure to a saturated vapour atmosphere. There were no deaths within the 14-day observation period. There were no clinical signs of toxicity at any time, or gross lesions at terminal sacrifice. According to EC/1272/2008 table 3.1.1 the substance is not acutely toxic after inhalation.
- Executive summary:
Male and female rats (5 per sex) survived a 6-hour whole body exposure to a saturated vapour atmosphere. There were no deaths within the 14-day observation period. There were no clinical signs of toxicity at any time, or gross lesions at terminal sacrifice.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Quality of whole database:
- sufficient for evaluation
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: between 2.0 and 3.0 kg - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Type of wrap if used: occlusive
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: excess fluid removed
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hr
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
males: 0.5. 1.0, 2.0, 2.83, and 4.0 mL/kg bw
females: 0.5. 1.0, 1.41, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: no - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hr
- Doses:
- males: 0.5. 1.0, 2.0, 2.83, and 4.0 mL/kg bw (i.e. 468, 936, 1872, 2649, 3744 mg/kg bw)
females: 0.5. 1.0, 1.41, 2.0, and 4.0 mL/kg bw (i.e. 468, 936, 1320, 1872, 3744 mg/kg bw) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: on days 0 (prior to treatment), 7, and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, skin reactions at one hour, 7 days and 14 days after contact period. - Statistics:
- LD50 value was calculated using teh moving average method (Thompson, 1947; Weil, 1983)
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 2 228 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: The applied volume was converted to mg/kg bw using a density of 0.936 kg/L
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 367 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: The applied volume was converted to mg/kg bw using a density of 0.936 kg/L
- Mortality:
- Moast deaths occurred at 1.5 hours to one day; one female died at 3 days. A few affected survivors recovered after one to three days.
Males: all animals (5/5) of the two highest dose groups (4 and 2.83 mL/kg bw) died, no mortalities occurred at lower dose levels
Females: all animals (5/5) of the two highes dose groups (4 and 2 mL/kg bw) died, two animals (2/5) of the mid dose group (1.41 mL/kg bw) died, no animals died at the lower dose groups - Clinical signs:
- Local efefcts: erythema, edema, necrosis, desquamation, alopecia, ulceratins, scabs.
Sluggishness, unsteady gait, prostration, red discharge on the perinasal and perianal fur were among the signs of toxicity noted. - Body weight:
- Males: body weight gain in groups at 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg bw; no body weight gain at 2.0 mL/kg.
Females: body weight gain in groups at 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg bw; no body weightgain at 1.41 mL/kg bw. Complete mortality at higher dose levels. - Gross pathology:
- Findings included a few discoloured lungs; red to tan livers; grey stomachs; stomachs and/or intestines with black foci; small instetsines fileld with red liquid (in 2); dark purple or red kidneys; dark red thymuses; and bladders filled with blood.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The acute dermal LD50 was 2228 mg/kg bw in male and 1367 mg/kg bw in female rabbits.Changes noted in internal organs suggest dermal absorption of the acid and irritation/corrosion of the organs.
- Executive summary:
Dermal toxicity was investigated in a study similar to OECD TG 405. Male and female white rabbits (n=5 per sex per dose) were exposed for 24 h against different doses of test substance up to 4 mL/kg bw (3744 mg/kg bw by calculation on basis of substance density of 0.936 kg/L). Exposed animals showed local effects like erythema, edema, necrosis, desquamation, alopecia, ulceratins, and scabs. Clinical sign in treated animals were sluggishness, unsteady gait, prostration, red discharge on the perinasal and perianal fur. Body weight did not increase in animals which received more than 1 mL/kg bw. At necropsy discoloured lungs, red to tan livers, grey stomachs, stomachs and/or intestines with black foci, small instetsines fileld with red liquid (in 2), dark purple or red kidneys, dark red thymuses, and bladders filled with blood were observed. The acute dermal LD50 was 2228 mg/kg bw in male and 1367 mg/kg bw in female rabbits.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 1 367 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- sufficient for evaluation
Additional information
Oral toxicity was investigated in a study similar to OECD TG 401. Male and female rats (n=5 per sex per dose) were exposed against different doses of test substance up to 4 mL/kg bw (3744 mg/kg bw by calculation on basis of substance density of 0.936 kg/L). Exposed animals showed clinical signs of toxicity as well as pathological findings at necropsy. Female rats of all dose groups and male rats at doses >= 2 mL/kg bw did not gain body weight. Using the moving average method an LD50 value of 1.87 mL/kg bw (corresponding to 1750 mg/kg bw) was calculated for male and female rats (Union Carbide, 1992).
Male and female rats (5 per sex) survived a 6-hour whole body exposure to a saturated vapour atmosphere. There were no deaths within the 14-day observation period. There were no clinical signs of toxicity at any time, or gross lesions at terminal sacrifice (Union Carbide, 1992).
Dermal toxicity was investigated in a study similar to OECD TG 405. Male and female white rabbits (n=5 per sex per dose) were exposed for 24 h against different doses of test substance up to 4 mL/kg bw (3744 mg/kg bw by calculation on substance density of 0.936 kg/L). Exposed animals showed local effects like erythema, edema, necrosis, desquamation, alopecia, ulceratins, and scabs. Clinical sign in treated animals were sluggishness, unsteady gait, prostration, red discharge on the perinasal and perianal fur. Body weight did not increase in animals which received more than 1 mL/kg bw. At necropsy discoloured lungs, red to tan livers, grey stomachs, stomachs and/or intestines with black foci, small instetsines fileld with red liquid (in 2), dark purple or red kidneys, dark red thymuses, and bladders filled with blood were observed. The acute dermal LD50 was 2228 mg/kg bw in male and 1367 mg/kg bw in female rabbits (Union Carbide, 1992).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available experimental data classification of the substance as acutely toxic after oral ingestion (Cat. 4; Harmful if swallowed, H302) and after dermal application (Cat. 4, Harmful in contact with skin, H312) is recommended according to the criteria of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. No classification for acute toxicity after inhalation is necessary.
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