Resinoid of Canarium luzonicum (Burseraceae) obtained from the exudate by cyclohexane extraction

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

LLNA, skin sensitizer Category 1B (OECD 429, GLP, K, Rel. 1)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin sensitisation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 July to 09 August 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

GLP study conducted in compliance with OECD Guideline No. 429 without any deviation.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)

Version / remarks:

adopted 22 July 2010

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.42 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

UK GLP Compliance Programme (inspected on July 05, 2016/ signed on October 28, 2016)

Type of study:

mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: Elemi RDE INDE
Batch: 1003395243
Purity: 100% UVCB
Physical state/Appearance: yellow paste
Expiry Date: 17 May 2021
Storage Conditions: room temperature in the dark

Species:

mouse

Strain:

CBA/Ca

Remarks:

CBA/CaOlaHsd

Sex:

female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Envigo RMS B.V., Inc., Horst, The Netherlands.
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: Yes
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 15-23 g
- Housing: Animals were housed in suspended solid floor polypropylene cages furnished with softwood woodflakes.
- Diet: Food (2014C Teklad Global Rodent diet supplied by Envigo RMS (UK) Limited, Oxon, UK), ad libitum
- Water: Mains tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 19-25 °C
- Humidity: 30-70 %
- Air changes: at least 15 changes per hour
- Photoperiod: 12 hours continuous light and 12 hours darkness

Vehicle:

other: Butanone

Concentration:

25%, 10% or 5% w/w

No. of animals per dose:

5

Details on study design:

PRE-SCREEN TESTS:
- Test Item preparation: For the purpose of the study, the test item was freshly prepared as a solution in butanone. This vehicle was chosen as it produced the highest concentration that was suitable for dosing. The test item was formulated within 2 hours of being applied to the test system. It is assumed that the formulation was stable for this duration.
- Preliminary Screening Test: As no toxicological information was available regarding the systemic toxicity/irritancy potential of the test item, a preliminary screening test was performed using one mouse. The mouse was treated by daily application of 25 μL of the test item at a maximum attainable concentration of 25% w/w in butanone, to the dorsal surface of each ear for three consecutive days (Days 1, 2, 3). The mouse was observed twice daily on Days 1, 2 and 3 and once daily on Days 4, 5 and 6. Local skin irritation was scored daily. Any clinical signs of toxicity, if present, were also recorded. The body weight of the mouse was recorded on Day 1 (prior to dosing) and on Day 6.
The thickness of each ear was measured using a Mitutoyo 547-300S gauge (Mitutoyo Corporation), pre-dose and post dose on Day 1, post dose on Days 2 and 3 and on Days 4, 5 and 6. Any changes in the ear thickness were noted. Mean ear thickness changes were calculated between time periods Days 1 and 3 and Days 1 and 6. A mean ear thickness increase of equal to or greater than 25% was considered to indicate excessive irritation and limited biological relevance to the endpoint of sensitization.
Following the Day 6 ear thickness measurements, the mouse was killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation followed by cervical separation.
- Results: Fur loss was noted on Days 2 to 6 at a concentration of 25% w/w in butanone.
No signs of systemic toxicity, visual local skin irritation or irritation indicated by an equal to or greater than 25% increase in mean ear thickness were noted.
Based on this information, and after consultation with the Sponsor, the dose levels selected for the main test were 25%, 10% and 5% w/w in butanone.

MAIN STUDY

ANIMAL ASSIGNMENT AND TREATMENT
- Name of test method: Local Lymph Node Assay, individual method
- Criteria used to consider a positive response: The test item will be regarded as a sensitizer if at least one concentration of the test item results in a threefold or greater increase in 3HTdR incorporation compared to control values. Any test item failing to produce a threefold or greater increase in 3HTdR incorporation will be classified as a "non sensitizer".

TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION:
The mice were treated by daily application of 25 μL of the appropriate concentration of the test item to the dorsal surface of each ear for three consecutive days (Days 1, 2, 3). The test item formulation was administered using an automatic micropipette and spread over the dorsal surface of the ear using the tip of the pipette.
A further group of five mice received the vehicle alone in the same manner.
The positive control animals were similarly treated to the test animals except that 25 μL of the positive control item, α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, tech., 85%, at a concentration of 15% v/v in butanone was applied to the dorsal surface of each ear.
Local skin irritation was scored daily. The thickness of each ear was measured and recorded pre and post dose on Day 1, post dose on Days 2 and 3 and on Days 4, 5 and 6.
Five days following the first topical application of the test item, vehicle control item or positive control item (Day 6) all mice were injected via the tail vein with 250 µL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 3H methyl thymidine (3HTdR: 80 µCi/mL, specific activity 2.0 Ci/mmoL, ARC UK Ltd) giving a total of 20 µCi to each mouse.
Termination: Five hours following the administration of 3HTdR all mice were killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation followed by cervical separation. For each individual animal of each group the draining auricular lymph nodes were excised and processed. For each individual animal 1 mL of PBS was added to the lymph nodes.
Preparation of Single Cell Suspension: A single cell suspension of the lymph node cells for each individual animal was prepared by gentle mechanical disaggregation through a 200 mesh stainless steel gauze. The lymph node cells were rinsed through the gauze with 4 mL of PBS into a petri dish labeled with the study number and dose concentration. The lymph node cells suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube. The petri dish was washed with an additional 5 mL of PBS to remove all remaining lymph node cells and these were added to the centrifuge tube. The lymph node cells were pelleted at 1400 rpm (approximately 190 g) for 10 minutes. The pellet was re suspended in 10 mL of PBS and re pelleted. To precipitate out the radioactive material, the pellet was re suspended in 3 mL of 5% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA).
Determination of 3HTdR Incorporation: AAfter approximately 18 hours incubation at approximately 4 °C, the precipitates were recovered by centrifugation at 2100 rpm (approximately 450 g) for 10 minutes, re suspended in 1 mL of TCA and transferred to 10 mL of scintillation fluid. 3HTdR incorporation was measured by beta scintillation counting. The "Poly Q™" vials containing the samples and scintillation fluid were placed in the sample changer of the scintillator and left to stand in darkness for approximately 20 minutes. The purpose of this period of time in darkness was to reduce the risk of luminescence, which has been shown to affect the reliability of the results. After approximately 20 minutes, the vials were shaken vigorously. The number of radioactive disintegrations per minute was then measured using the Beckman LS6500 scintillation system (Beckman Instruments Inc, Fullerton, CA, USA).

Positive control substance(s):

hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (CAS No 101-86-0)

Statistics:

Data was processed to give group mean values for disintegrations per minute and standard deviations where appropriate. Individual and group mean disintegrations per minute values were assessed for dose response relationships. Data was first assessed for suitability by analysis of normality and homogeneity of variance. If the assumptions that the data are both normally distributed and has homogeneity of variances, then parametric one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s multiple comparison procedure were used to determine statistical significance. If the assumptions were not met, non parametric Kruskal Wallis Rank Sum and Mann Whitney U test procedures were used.

Positive control results:

The positive control α Hexylcinnamaldehyde, tech., 85% gave a Stimulation Index of greater than 3 (5.58) when tested at a concentration of 15% v/v in butanone, thus, demonstrating the sensitivity and reliability of the test system.

Key result

Parameter:

SI

Value:

1.74

Test group / Remarks:

5% w/w in butanone

Key result

Parameter:

SI

Value:

2.83

Test group / Remarks:

10% w/w in butanone

Key result

Parameter:

SI

Value:

7.1

Test group / Remarks:

25% w/w in butanone

Key result

Parameter:

EC3

Remarks:

%

Value:

11

Cellular proliferation data / Observations:

CELLULAR PROLIFERATION DATA:
See Table 7.4.1/1 below.

DETAILS ON STIMULATION INDEX CALCULATION
Stimulation index for 5, 10 and 25% w/w in butanone were 1.74, 2.83 and 7.10, respectively.

EC3 CALCULATION
EC3 = c + [[(3-d)/(bd)] x (a-c)]
a=25
b=7.10
c=10
d=2.83

EC3 = 10 + [[(3-2.83)/(7.10-2.83)] x (25-10)] = 11
The concentration of test item expected to cause a 3 fold increase in 3HTdR incorporation (EC3 value) was calculated to be 11%.


CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Fur loss was noted on Days 2 (pre-dose) to 6 in animals treated with the test item at a concentration of 25% w/w in butanone.
There were no deaths. No signs of systemic toxicity were noted in the test or control animals during the test (See Table 7.4.2 & 7.4.3 below).
EAR THICKNESS: A greater than 25% increase in mean ear thickness was noted on Days 5 and 6 in the animals treated with the test item at a concentration of 25% w/w in butanone.
BODY WEIGHTS: Body weight change of the test animals between Day 1 and Day 6 was comparable to that observed in the corresponding control group animals over the same period.

Table 7.4.1/1: Individual Disintegrations per Minute and Stimulation Index

Treatment Group	Animal Number	dpm/ Animala	Mean dpm/Animal (Standard Deviation)	Stimulation Indexb	Result
Vehicle butanone	1-1	1457.43	1604.50 (±189.25)	na	na
	1-2	1428.87
	1-3	1708.51
	1-4	1546.41
	1-5	1881.27
Test Item 5% w/win butanone	2-1	2154.75	2791.94** (±412.71)	1.74	Negative
	2-2	2734.47
	2-3	3175.21
	2-4	2751.90
	2-5	3143.36
Test Item 10% w/win butanone	3-1	4818.60	4542.04** (±1487.02)	2.83	Negative
	3-2	3290.54
	3-3	3005.84
	3-4	6716.67
	3-5	4878.56
Test Item 25% w/win butanone	4-1	10280.66	11394.01** (±1302.18)	7.10	Positive
	4-2	9925.78
	4-3	11420.29
	4-4	12918.62
	4-5	12424.70
Positive Control Item 15% v/v in butanone	5-1	9625.87	8948.65** (±1716.93)	5.58	Positive
	5-2	6570.26
	5-3	11282.45
	5-4	8753.23
	5-5	8511.44

dpm=     Disintegrations per minute

a=        Total number of lymph nodes per animal is 2

b=        Stimulation Index of 3.0 or greater indicates a positive result

**=       Significantly different from vehicle control group p<0.01

Table 7.4.1/2: Individual Clinical Observations and Mortality Data

Treatment Group	Animal Number	Day 1		Day 2		Day 3		Day 4	Day 5	Day 6
		Pre-Dose	Post Dose	Pre-Dose	Post Dose	Pre-Dose	Post Dose
Vehicle butanone	1-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 5% w/win butanone	2-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 10% w/win butanone	3-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 25% w/win butanone	4-1	0	0	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl
	4-2	0	0	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl
	4-3	0	0	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl
	4-4	0	0	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl
	4-5	0	0	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl	0Fl
Positive Control Item 25% v/v in butanone	5-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

0=   No signs of systemic toxicity

Fl = Fur loss was noted

Table 7.4.1/3: Local Skin Irritation

Treatment Group	Animal Number	Local Skin Irritation
		Day 1		Day 2		Day 3		Day 4		Day 5		Day 6
		left	right	left	right	left	right	left	right	left	right	left	right
Vehicle butanone	1-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 5% w/win butanone	2-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 10% w/win butanone	3-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	3-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Test Item 25% w/win butanone	4-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	4-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	4-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	4-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	4-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Positive Control Item 15% v/v in butanone	5-1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	5-5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Interpretation of results:

Category 1B (indication of skin sensitising potential) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, test material is classified as a contact sensitizer (Category 1B) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the skin sensitisation potential of test material in the CBA/Ca strain mouse following topical application to the dorsal surface of the ear. The method was conducted according to the OECD test guideline No 429 and in compliance with GLP. 

Following a preliminary screening test in which no clinical signs of toxicity or excessive local irritation were noted at a maximum attainable concentration of 25% w/w, this concentration was selected as the highest dose investigated in the main test of the Local Lymph Node Assay. Three groups, each of five animals, were treated with 50 μL (25 μL per ear) of the test item as a solution in butanone at concentrations of 25%, 10% or 5% w/w. A further group of five animals was treated with butanone alone. A concurrent positive control test, using a group of five animals, was also performed with the known sensitizer, α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde tech., 85%, at a concentration of 15% v/v in butanone.

A greater than 25% increase in mean ear thickness was noted on Days 5 and 6 in the animals treated with the test item at a concentration of 25% w/w in butanone.

The proliferative response of the lymph node cells (LNC) from the draining auricular lymph nodes was assessed five days following the initial application, by measurement of the incorporation of 3H-methyl Thymidine (3HTdR) by β-scintillation counting of LNC suspensions. The response was expressed as radioactive disintegrations per minute per lymph node (dpm/node) and as the ratio of 3HTdR incorporation into LNC of test nodes relative to that recorded for control nodes (test/control ratio), termed as Stimulation Index (SI).

Stimulation index for 25%, 10% or 5% w/w in butanone were 7.10, 2.83 and 1.74, respectively. The concentration of test item expected to cause a 3 fold increase in 3HTdR incorporation (extrapolated EC3value) was calculated to be 11%. No sign of systemic toxicity or excessive local skin irritation were noted at the concentrations of 25%, 10% or 5% w/w.

The positive control α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, tech., 85% gave a Stimulation Index of greater than 3 (5.58) when tested at a concentration of 15% w/w in butanone, thus, demonstrating the sensitivity and reliability of the test system.

 

Under the test conditions, the test material is classified as a contact sensitizer (Category 1B) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for sensitisation endpoint.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (sensitising)

Additional information:

Since no key study was identified on the registered substance, the testing and assessment strategy, as described in ECHA R.7a Endpoint specific guidance (July, 2017), was used to evaluate the skin sensitisation potential of the registered substance.

As the weight-of-evidence approach using a combination of alternative test methods cannot be applied and that there are no existing human, animal, (Q)SAR or read-across data to assess the skin sensitisation potential of the substance, an in vivo alternative study (LLNA) was therefore performed.  

A LLNA study was performed according to the OECD test guideline No. 429 and in compliance with GLP (Envigo, 2017, rel.1).

Following a preliminary screening test in which no clinical signs of toxicity or excessive local irritation were noted at a maximum attainable concentration of 25% w/w, this concentration was selected as the highest dose investigated in the main test of the Local Lymph Node Assay. Three groups, each of five animals, were treated with 50 μL (25 μL per ear) of the test item as a solution in butanone at concentrations of 25%, 10% or 5% w/w. A further group of five animals was treated with butanone alone. A concurrent positive control test, using a group of five animals, was also performed with the known sensitizer, α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde tech., 85%, at a concentration of 15% v/v in butanone.

A greater than 25% increase in mean ear thickness was noted on Days 5 and 6 in the animals treated with the test item at a concentration of 25% w/w in butanone.

The proliferative response of the lymph node cells (LNC) from the draining auricular lymph nodes was assessed five days following the initial application, by measurement of the incorporation of 3H-methyl Thymidine (3HTdR) by β-scintillation counting of LNC suspensions. The response was expressed as radioactive disintegrations per minute per lymph node (dpm/node) and as the ratio of 3HTdR incorporation into LNC of test nodes relative to that recorded for control nodes (test/control ratio), termed as Stimulation Index (SI).

Stimulation index for 25%, 10% or 5% w/w in butanone were 7.10, 2.83 and 1.74, respectively. The concentration of test item expected to cause a 3 fold increase in 3HTdR incorporation (extrapolated EC3 value) was calculated to be 11%. No sign of systemic toxicity or excessive local skin irritation were noted at the concentrations of 25%, 10% or 5% w/w.

The positive control α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, tech., 85% gave a Stimulation Index of greater than 3 (5.58) when tested at a concentration of 15% w/w in butanone, thus, demonstrating the sensitivity and reliability of the test system.

 

Under the test conditions, the test material is classified as a contact sensitizer (Category 1B) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for sensitisation endpoint.

Respiratory sensitisation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information:

Under the REACH regulation there is no legal standard information requirement in Annexes VII to X to perform any specific test for respiratory sensitisation. In addition, no validated or widely recognised in vitro or in vivo test methods specific to respiratory sensitisation are available yet. No human or animal data are available on the substance to address respiratory sensitisation. Due to the mostly unknown composition of the substance, it was not possible to use OECD QSAR Toolbox predictions.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Harmonized classification:

The substance has no harmonized classification according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

Self-classification:

Based on the available data, the substance is classified as Skin Sens. 1B, H317 (May cause an allergic skin reaction) according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) and to the Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS), since EC3 is > 2% (11%).

No direct scientific data are available on the substance to address respiratory sensitisation.