1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish embryo acute toxicity (FET)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

Not specified in publication

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 236 (Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

test concentrations not assessed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone

EC Number:

200-782-5

EC Name:

1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone

Cas Number:

72-48-0

Molecular formula:

C14H8O4

IUPAC Name:

1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

no additional information available.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

No analytical verification of test concentrations done

Test solutions

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Stock solutions: 50, 10, 2, 0.4, 0.08 mM
- Exposure concentrations: 1:100 dilution in E2 embryo medium - Chemical name of vehicle: DMSO, final concentration 0.1 %

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Strain: wild type 5D strain (ahr2-)
- Source:Sinnhuber Aquatic Resaerch Laboratory
- Collection of embryos: following group spawnin of adult zebrafish
- Breeding conditions: water temperature 28°C, 14h light, 10 h dark photoperiod, recirculating system

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

120 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

120 hours post fertilization

Test conditions

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0.8, 4, 20, 100 and 500 μM

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 96 well plates
- No. of organisms per vessel: one embryo per well - No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. vehicle control: 1% DMSO: 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: E2 embryo medium

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Developmental progress
- Somite
- Notochord malformations
- mortality
- RNA
- Gene expression

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 5
- Test concentrations: 0.8, 4, 20, 100 and 500 μM

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

120 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

185 µmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: total mortality120 hpf

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

300 µmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: mortality 24 hpf

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

120 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

45 µmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

morphology

Remarks on result:

other: body axis and otic

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The effect of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone on developing zebrafish (embryos) was assessed. The EC50 for mortality was found to be 300 μM 24 hours post fertilization and 185 μM 120 hours post fertilization.

Executive summary:

The effect of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinoneon developing zebrafish was assessed in a static test set-up. The test substance was dissolved in DMSO and final nominal test concentrations assessed were: 0.8, 4, 20, 100 and 500 μM. Measurements were done in duplicate with one zebrafish embryo per well. The embryos were evaluated for developmental progress, somite and notochord malformations, and mortality at 24 hpf and total mortality at 120 hpf. Test concentrations were not analytically verified. The EC50 for mortality was found to be 300 μM (= 72 mg/L) 24 hours post fertilization and 185 μM (=44.4 mg/L) 120 hours post fertilization (nominal concentrations).

Observed effects were at such high concentrations that this study was not used in further assessment.