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Environmental fate & pathways

Phototransformation in air

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Description of key information

Phototransformation in air: Rate constant for reaction with OH radicals:

Parent substance: 47.0E-12 cm3/molecule.sec (half-life 0.3 days)

Silanol hydrolysis product: 55E-12 cm3/molecule.sec (half-life 0.3 days)

Methanol: 0.93E-12 cm3/molecule.sec (half-life 17.0 days)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Half-life in air:
0.3 d
Degradation rate constant with OH radicals:
0 cm³ molecule-1 s-1

Additional information

No measured data are available for 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propane-1-thiol.


 


3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propane-1-thiol and its hydrolysis products, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propanethiol and methanol contain no chromophores that would absorb visible or UV radiation, so direct photolysis is not likely to be significant. Indirect photolysis resulting from gas-phase reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals may occur.


 


The AOPWIN program (v1.92, EPA 2010) has been used to obtain values of the rate constant kOH for reaction of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propane-1-thiol, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propanethiol and methanol with hydroxyl radicals. This prediction method has not been validated to assess applicability to organosilicon substances; therefore, there is uncertainty associated with the calculated values obtained.


 


 


The overall half-life in air under default conditions of hydroxyl radical concentration was calculated using the following expressions:


 


kdegair (d-1) = kOH (cm3/molecule.sec) x OH Concair (molecules/cm3) x 24 x 3600


 


DT50 (d) = ln 2/ kdegair(d-1)


 


Where:


 


kdegair = total rate constant for degradation in air


kOH = rate constant for reaction with hydroxyl radicals


OH Concair = concentration of hydroxyl radicals in air = 5 E+05 OH molecules/ cm3


DT50 = half-life


 


The concentration of hydroxyl radicals in air of 5E+05 OH molecules/cm3, and the 24 hour photoperiod, are the values specified in ECHA Guidance on Information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part R.16 Environmental exposure estimation (ECHA, 2016).


 


The results are given in the table below:


 


Table: Results of photodegradation in air calculations






























Parameter



Result, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propane-1-thiol



Result, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propanethiol



Result, methanol



kOH (cm3/ molecule.sec)



47.0E-12



55.0E-12



0.94E-12



Kdegair (d-1)



2.0



2.4



0.04



DT50 (days)



0.3



0.3



17.0



 


The performance of the predictive method (AOPWIN, v1.92) is validated up to a reaction rate of 1E-10 cm3/mol.sec (equivalent to a half-life 0.16 day under European conditions of typical atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration, as defined in ECHA Guidance R16 (ECHA, 2016). The reaction rate is therefore acceptable for use in environmental exposure assessment. In the range 1.6E-11 – 1.0E-10 cm3/mol.sec (equivalent to half-life 0.16 – 1.0 day) over a range of chemical types, though it has not been possible to perform a reliable validation for silanols and alkoxysilanes.


 


Measured data for other organosilanes


Measured data for reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air are available for some organosilanes. A summary of these measured data is in the table below.


 


AOPWIN predictions are also presented for comparison with the measured data.


 


Table: Measured data and AOPWIN predictions for reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air.














































Substance



Rate constant for reaction with hydroxyl radicals (kOH(cm3/ molecule. sec))



Half-life (days)



Tetramethylsilane



1.28E-12 (Sommerlade et al., 1993)


0.6E-12 (AOPWIN)


1.0E-12 (Atkinson, 1991)


8.5E-13 (Tuazon, 2000)



13


27


16


19



Hexamethyldisiloxane



1.19E-12 (Sommerlade et al., 1993)


0.9E-12 (AOPWIN)


1.4E-12 (Atkinson, 1991)



14


18


12



Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane



1.26E-12 (Sommerlade et al., 1993)


1.2E-12 (AOPWIN)


1.0E-12 (Atkinson, 1991)



13


13


16



Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane



0.9E-12 (AOPWIN)


0.5E-12 (Atkinson, 1991)



18


31



Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane



1.5E-12 (AOPWIN)


1.6E-12 (Atkinson, 1991)



11


10



Dimethylsilanediol



7.2E-12 (AOPWIN)


8.1E-13 (Tuazon, 2000)



2


20



Trimethylsilanol



3.95E-12 (Sommerlade et al., 1993)


3.9E-12 (AOPWIN)


7.2E-13 (Tuazon, 2000)



4


4


22



   


The measured values from Sommerlade et al. (1993) and Atkinson (1991) are in sufficient agreement, and correlate well with the predicted values. Indeed, the data from these two studies were used in the training set for the AOPWIN program.


 


The measured values from Tuazon (2000) indicate slightly lower rates of reaction for the silanols compared to the AOPWIN predictions and the measured value from Sommerlade et al. (1993).


 


References:


EPA, 2010. US Environmental Protection Agency. AOPWIN program v1.92a (September, 2010)


 


ECHA (2016). REACH Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment Chapter R16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version: 3.0. February 2016. R.16-3.2.2 Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere


 


Sommerlade, R., Parlar, H., Wrobel, D. and Kochs, P.(1993). Product Analysis and Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Selected Organosilicon Compounds with OH Radicals Using a Smog Chamber-Mass Spectrometer System. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27 (12), 2435-2440.


 


Tuazon E C, Aschmann S M and Atkinson R (2000) Atmospheric Degradation of Volatile Methyl-Silicon Compounds Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 34, No. 10, 1970-1975


 


Atkinson R. 1991. Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Reactions of a Series of Organosilicon Compounds with OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 at 297 +/- 2 K. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25(5):863-866.