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EC number: 216-732-0 | CAS number: 1655-29-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
No skin or eye irritation was seen in early in vivo studies with limited documentation on the test compound.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 31 Jan - 07 Feb 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline study with only minor limitations
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Analytical purity of test material is slightly below 80%
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Albino HC:NZW (New Zealand White)
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: untreated sites of the same animal served as control
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 h
- Observation period:
- 14 days
Reading time points: 1, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days - Number of animals:
- 3 (females)
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 animals
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 animals
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Executive summary:
No skin irritation was seen in the OECD TG 404 compliant study.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Justification for test system used:
- Commercially available test system
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: epiCS® (CellSystems, Troisdorf, Germany).
- Tissue batch number(s): Cat.-No.CS-1001
- Date of initiation of testing: 25 Nov 2015
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: incubator (37 ± 2° C) for 20 min- exposure
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37 ± 2° C
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1mg/ml
- Incubation time: 3 hours
- Spectrophotometer: EL808, Bio-Tek
- Wavelength: 570 nm
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TESTING RUNS / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION:
the optical density of the isopropanol-extracts of 3 insert was determined by duplicate per insert = 6 OD values.
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA:
- The mean optical density (OD) value obtained with the test item was used to calculate the percentage of viability relative to the negative control, which is set at 100 %.
- A category of UN GHS (Category 2 or Category 1) is predicted if the mean percent tissue viability after exposure and post treatment incubation is less than or equal (≤ ) to 50 %.
The irritating potential of the test item is assessed by determination of its cytotoxic effect on an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis. The test principle is based on the MTT assay reflecting the cell viability after exposure to the topically applied test item.
All tests were performed in triplets for each time point. The test item was applied at a 100% concentration, i.e. 30 µl per insert for 20 min. Cell viability was measured by the amount of MTT reduction (calculated on the basis of optical density of the negative control). - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 30 μl
- the test item and the solvent ethyl acetate were tested in parallel
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 μl
- Concentration (if solution): 0.9% NaCl
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 µl
- Concentration (if solution): 0.3% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 20 min
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- 42 hours
- Number of replicates:
- 3
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- result for test material
- Value:
- ca. 111
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY:
- Reliability of the test was previously confirmed by interlaboratory validation
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: yes - Executive summary:
A study was performed for the assessment of the skin irritancy of the test item Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz with reconstructed human epidermis (RhE). The experiment
was carried out in vitro using the commercially available test method epiCS®. The study was conducted in accordance with OECD TG 439 and EU Test Method B.46.
The test item was applied undiluted topically to the RhE tissue construct in triplicates and incubated for 20 minutes, followed by a 42 hours post-treatment incubation period.
Cell viability was measured in a photometer by the amount of MTT (methylthiazole tetrazolium) reduction. The optical density value obtained for the test item was used to
calculate the percentage of viability relative to the negative control, which is set at 100%. The results of the concurrent negative control (NC, 0.9% NaCl) and positive control
(PC, 5 % SDS) demonstrated the viability (NC) and sensitivity (PC) of the test model. The following value of cell viability was recorded for the test item: 111 % (rounded).
In conclusion the results of the assay used show no skin irritant properties of the test item Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz and thus, the test item requires no classification according to UN GHS (Category 2 or Category 1).
Referenceopen allclose all
Compound | Cell viability [%] | Evaluation |
Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz | 110.55 | Non-irritant |
Positive control | 1.02 | Irritant |
Negative control | 100.00 | Non-irritant |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 31 Jan - 07 Feb 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Guideline study with only minor limitations
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Analytical purity of test material is slightly below 80%
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Albino HC:NZW (New Zealand White)
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: the untreated eye served as control
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 h (0.1 mL (corresponding to 0.07 g) of test material was instilled in the rabbits eye and removed 24 h after instillation by washing)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
Reading time points: 1, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 (females)
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 animals
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 animals
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 animals
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Other effects:
- Slightly increased lacrimation was observed in two of three animals 1 h after instillation of the test material.
- Executive summary:
No eye irritation was seen in this OECD TG 405 compliant study.
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)
- Version / remarks:
- 2013
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Bovine eyes of slaughtered cattle were extracted and transferred in containers with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) with penicillin/streptomycin solution. For transportation the containers were ice cooled.
Eyes with defects were sorted out and disposed of, eyes without any defects were transferred into fresh HBSS supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin solution and 1 % FBS and stored overnight at 2-8 °C. On the next day (day of testing) the containers with the eyes were placed in an incubator at 32 ° C (± 1 ° C) for about 2 hours before preparation of the corneas.
For the preparation of the cornea the sclera was incised with a scalpel and cut by scissors. A 2-3 mm wide scleral edge was left around the cornea for further handling. The isolated corneas were placed with the epithelium side down into a prepared beaker filled with MEM medium supplemented with 1 % penicillin / streptomycin solution and 1 % FBS. Each cornea was placed into a cornea holder with the endothelial side facing the sealing ring of the posterior chamber. The anterior chamber was then fixed by screws on the other side. The chambers were filled with MEM medium, avoiding air bubbles. The holders were placed for at least 1 hour in the incubator at 32 °C (± 1 °C). - Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl
- the test item and the solvent were tested in parallel - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- not applicable
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 corneas per tested material
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Bovine eyes of slaughtered cattle were extracted and transferred in containers with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) with penicillin/streptomycin solution. For transportation the containers were ice cooled.
Eyes with defects were sorted out and disposed of, eyes without any defects were transferred into fresh HBSS supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin solution and 1 % FBS and stored overnight at 2-8 °C. On the next day (day of testing) the containers with the eyes were placed in an incubator at 32 ° C (± 1 ° C) for about 2 hours before preparation of the corneas.
For the preparation of the cornea the sclera was incised with a scalpel and cut by scissors. A 2-3 mm wide scleral edge was left around the cornea for further handling. The isolated corneas were placed with the epithelium side down into a prepared beaker filled with MEM medium supplemented with 1 % penicillin / streptomycin solution and 1 % FBS. Each cornea was placed into a cornea holder with the endothelial side facing the sealing ring of the posterior chamber. The anterior chamber was then fixed by screws on the other side. The chambers were filled with MEM medium, avoiding air bubbles. The holders were placed for at least 1 hour in the incubator at 32 °C (± 1 °C).
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
yes
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED: physiological saline
SOLVENT CONTROL USED (if applicable): ethyl acetate
POSITIVE CONTROL USED: NaOH (1%)
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
the test materials were applied pure for 4 hours
TREATMENT METHOD:
closed chamber method
POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: no
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period:
- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION:
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: The opacity of a cornea was measured by the diminution of light passing through the cornea. The measurements of opacity were carried out using an opacitometer (BASF OP3.0). Before each measurement the opacitometer was adjusted to about 1000 LUX and a filter calibration measurement was carried out by using 3 different filters.
- Corneal permeability: The medium in anterior chamber of each holder was replaced by 1ml of fluorescein sodium solution (concentration 5 mg/mL). Afterwards the holders were incubated at 32 °C (± 1 °C) for about 90 minutes. After the incubation period, the medium of the posterior chamber was aspirated by a syringe and filled into a 10 mL tube. Three wells of a 96 well plate were filled with 300 μL of each tube (triplicate determination). In addition, a standard series of 5 mg/mL sodium fluoresceinsolution was prepared and also filled into the 96-well plate, in triplicates. The permeability was determined by measuring the amount of fluorescein sodium which diffused through all cell layers of the cornea. The measurement was carried out at a wavelength of 490 nm (OD490) by an ELISA - Reader).
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
DECISION CRITERIA: Test item formulations that cause an IVIS value > 55 are classified as seriously damaging the eye (UN GHS Cat 1). Test item formulations that cause IVIS values of ≤ 55 are considered as not seriously damaging the eye (not UN GHS Cat 1). - Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- mean
- Value:
- 1.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Executive summary:
This study was performed to assess the corneal damage potential of the solid test item Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz with the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test
(BCOP) using fresh bovine cornea. The study was conducted in accordance with international accepted Guidelines (e.g. OECD TG 437).
20% (w/v) concentrations of the test item and the positive control imidazole in isotonic saline solution were tested on 3 bovine corneas each in comparison to the negative control, isotonic
saline solution. For determination of corneal damage opacity as well as tissue permeability was measured after a 4 hour treatment time.
Test items were applied to the epithelial surface ofthe cornea in a special corneal holder. Corneal opacity was measured quantitatively as the amount of light transmission through the cornea before and after treatment with the test item. Permeability was measured quantitatively as the amount of sodium fluorescein dye that passes across the full thickness of the cornea after treatment. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) value was calculated based on these data.
In accordance with OECD TG 437 and the study results Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz was characterized by having no potential to seriously damage the eye.
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- other: reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) cell model EpiOcular™. The model used is standardized and commercially available.
- Strain:
- other: reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) cell model EpiOcular™. The model used is standardized and commercially available.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Amount / concentration applied:
- The solid test item was applied topically to the RhCE tissue surface in duplicate for 6 hours, followed by an 18 hour post-treatment incubation period.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The solid test item was applied topically to the RhCE tissue surface in duplicate for 6 hours, followed by an 18 hour post-treatment incubation period.
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- The solid test item was applied topically to the RhCE tissue surface in duplicate for 6 hours, followed by an 18 hour post-treatment incubation period.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- The EpiOcular™ RhCE tissue construct consists of 3 viable layers of cells and a nonkeratinized surface as recommended by the test guidelines (see section 4.1). The cell viability and barrier function as well as sterility of each batch of the RhCE tissue construct used is adequate, as has been demonstrated by the supplier.
RhCE tissue viability in EpiOcular™ EIT is measured by enzymatic conversion of the vital dye MTT by the viable cells of the tissue into a blue MTT formazan salt that is quantitatively measured after extraction from tissues. - Irritation parameter:
- other: cell viability [%]
- Value:
- ca. 93
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Executive summary:
An in vitro study for assessing ocular irritation properties of the test item Armstrongsaure-di- Natriumsalz was performed using the reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) cell model EpiOcular™. The model used is standardized and commercially available. The EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (EIT) was conducted in accordance with OECD 492.
The solid test item was applied topically to the RhCE tissue surface in duplicate for 6 hours, followed by an 18 hour post-treatment incubation period.
Cell viability was measured in a spectrophotometer by assessing the extent of MTT (methylthiazole tetrazolium) reduction. The optical density value obtained for the test item was used to calculate the percentage of viability relative to the negative control, which was set at 100%.
The results of the concurrent negative control (NC, deionized water) and positive control (PC, neat methyl acetate) demonstrated the viability (NC) and sensitivity (PC) ofthe tissue model.
The final mean percent tissue viability recorded for the test item is 93 % (rounded). According to the results ofthis study the test item Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz was identified as not requiring classification for eye irritation according to UN GHS (No Category).
Referenceopen allclose all
Mean opacity value | Mean permeability value | In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) | |
Negative control; isotonic saline solution |
-0,6 |
0,011 |
-0,5 |
Positive control; 20 % Imidazole |
74,8 |
1,676 |
99,9 |
20 % Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz |
1,4 |
0,019 |
1,7 |
Compound | Final Cell viability [%] | Category |
Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz | 92.8 | No Cat |
Positive control | 36.1 | Cat 1/2 |
Negative control | 100.00 | No Cat |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
A study was performed for the assessment of the skin irritancy of Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz with reconstructed human epidermis (RhE; OECD TG 439). No skin irritation potential was observed.
In vitro studies for assessing ocular irritation properties of the test item Armstrongsaure-di- Natriumsalz was performed using the reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) cell model EpiOcular™ (OECD TG 492) and the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test(BCOP) using fresh bovine cornea (OECD TG 437). In both tests Armstrongsaure-di-Natriumsalz was characterized by having no potential to damage the eye.
The in vitro data confirm the early in vivo studies. No skin or eye irritation was observed for Armstrongsaure-di- Natriumsalz.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification is warranted because no skin or eye irritation was seen in early in vivo studies with limted docuentation on the test compound. Recent in vitro studies confirm that Armstrongsäure-di-Natrium salt is not irritating to the skin or eye.EMCSP
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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