Reaction mass of N1-benzylpropane-1,2-diamine and N2-benzylpropane-1,2-diamine

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015-11-18 to 2018-01-25

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

1997

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

2008

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Version / remarks:

1998

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 4

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ICH Guideline S2 (R1): Genotoxicity testing and data interpretation for pharmaceuticals intended for human use, June 2012

Version / remarks:

2012

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N1-benzylpropane-1,2-diamine

Cas Number:

55115-91-8

Molecular formula:

C10H16N2

IUPAC Name:

N1-benzylpropane-1,2-diamine

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

N2-Benzylpropane-1,2-diamine

Cas Number:

3535-17-9

Molecular formula:

C10H16N2

IUPAC Name:

N2-Benzylpropane-1,2-diamine

Test material form:

liquid

Method

Target gene:

The Salmonella typhimurium histidine (his) reversion system measures his- → his+ reversions. The Salmonella typhimurium strains are constructed to differentiate between base pair (TA1535, TA100) and frameshift (TA1537, TA98) mutations. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (trp) reversion system measures trp– → trp+ reversions. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strain detects mutagens that cause other base-pair substitutions (AT to GC).

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

CELLS USED
- Source of cells: Trinova Biochem GmbH (Rathenau Str. 2 (earlier: Kerkrader Str. 10));
D-35394 Giessen, Germany

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

CELLS USED
- Source of cells: Trinova Biochem GmbH (Rathenau Str. 2 (earlier: Kerkrader Str. 10));
D-35394 Giessen, Germany

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 fraction of Phenobarbital (PB) and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) induced rat liver

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

In the initial and confirmatory test with and without S9 the concentrations of the test item were:
-S9 Mix: 5000; 1600; 500; 160; 50 and 16 μg/plate;
+S9 Mix: 5000; 1600; 500; 160; 50 and 16 μg/plate;

Selection of the concentrations was done on the basis of a solubility test and a concentration range finding test (Informatory Toxicity Test).

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle used: ultrapure water (ASTM Type 1)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The suitability of the solvent had been determined in the preliminary Solubility Test.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine (NPD)

Remarks:

Strain: Salmonella TA 98; without metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

Strain: Salmonella TA 100 and TA 1537; without metabolic activation

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

Strain: Salmonella TA 1537; without metabolic activation

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

Strain: E. coli WP2 uvrA; without metabolic activation

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene (2AA)

Remarks:

Strain: all strains used; with metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48 h

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
A dose level is considered toxic if:
- the reduced revertant colony numbers are observed as compared to the mean vehicle control value and the reduction shows a dose-dependent relationship, and / or
- the reduced revertant colony numbers are below the historical control data range and / or
- pinpoint colonies appear and / or
- reduced background lawn development occurs
- other: The toxicity of the test item was determined with strains Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in a pre-experiment. 7 concentrations were tested for toxicity and mutation induction with 3 plates each. The experimental conditions in this pre-experiment were the same as for the main experiment I (plate incorporation test) and included non-activated and S9 activated test conditions with appropriate positive and negative controls. The test item concentrations, including the controls (untreated, vehicle and positive reference) were tested in triplicate. In the toxicity test the concentrations examined were: 5000, 1600, 500, 160, 50, 16 and 5 μg/plate.

Rationale for test conditions:

According to guidelines

Evaluation criteria:

The colony numbers on the control, positive control and the test plates were determined, the mean values, standard deviations and the mutation rates were calculated.

Mutation Rate = Mean revertants at the test item (or control) treatments / Mean revertrants of vehicle control

A test item is considered mutagenic if:
- a dose-related increase in the number of revertants occurs and/or;
- a reproducible biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.
An increase is considered biologically relevant if:
- in strain TA100 the number of reversions is at least twice as high as the reversion rate of the vehicle control
- in strain TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA the number of reversions is at least three times higher than the reversion rate of the vehicle control.
According to the guidelines, the biological relevance of the results was the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results was not regarded as necessary.
Criteria for a Negative Response:
A test article is considered non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay if it produces neither a dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a reproducible biologically relevant positive response at any of the dose groups, with or without metabolic activation.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

at 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

at 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

at 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

at 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item was observed on the plates in the examined bacterial strains at any examined concentration level (±S9 Mix) throughout the study.

HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
- Positive historical control data: please refer to document attached under background material
- Negative historical control data: please refer to document attached under background material

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: In the Confirmatory Mutation Test inhibitory effect of the test item was noticed in the Salmonella typhimurium strains at 5000 µg/plate in absence and presence of exogenous metabolic activation (±S9 Mix).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The reported data of this mutagenicity assay show, that under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by frameshift or base-pair substitution in the genome of the tester strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay.

Executive summary:

The test item was investigated for its genotoxic potential in a bacterial reverse mutation assay according to GLP and OECD 471. The test item was dissolved in ultrapure water (ASTM Type 1). In the Initial and Confirmatory Mutation Tests the following concentrations were examined: ±S9 Mix: 5000, 1600, 500, 160, 50 and 16 μg/plate. In the Initial and Confirmatory Mutation Tests Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA1537, TA1535 and TA100 strains and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA were investigated. For the analysis of the test item concentrations, representative samples from the stock solutions (with a concentration of 100 mg/mL) before each main experiment and vehicle control were taken and analysed. Test item concentrations in the samples were 93 % and 99 % on the analytical occasions in comparison to the nominal values. The analytical control of the test item content was performed with a previously validated analytical method by the Analytical Laboratory of TOXI-COOP ZRT. The test item concentration in the samples was determined by a HPLC method with MS detection. Five bacterial strains were used to investigate the mutagenic potential of SIKA Amine PB (SIKA Amin PB) in two independent experiments, in a plate incorporation test (experiment I, Initial Mutation Test) and in a pre-incubation test (experiment II, Confirmatory Mutation Test). Each assay was conducted with and without metabolic activation (±S9 Mix). The concentrations, including the controls, were tested in triplicate. In the performed experiments positive and negative (vehicle) controls were run concurrently.

In the performed experiments all of the validity criteria, regarding the investigated strains, negative (vehicle) and positive controls, S9 activity and number of investigated analyzable concentration levels were fulfilled. No biological relevant increases were observed in revertant colony numbers of any of the five test strains following treatment with the test item at any concentration level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9 Mix) in the performed experiments. In the Initial Mutation Test in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, the obtained revertant colony number increases were above the corresponding historical control data range and remained just below the relevant genotoxicological threshold for being positive at 5000 µg/plate, without exogenous metabolic activation ( S9 Mix). However, the revertant colony number increases at this treatment were considered rather as unique, and were not evaluated as biological relevant.

In any other cases, in both independently performed main experiments, the observed sporadic increases in revertant colony numbers compared to the vehicle control values remained within the actual historical control data ranges. There was no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations beyond the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance in the performed experiments.

In the Confirmatory Mutation Test (using pre-incubation method) inhibitory effect of the test item (decreased number of revertant colony numbers and affected background lawn development) was observed in all examined Salmonella typhimurium strains at the highest examined concentration of 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of exogenous metabolic activation (±S9 Mix).

No precipitation of the test item was observed on the plates in the examined bacterial strains at any examined concentration level (±S9 Mix) throughout the study.

The reported data of this mutagenicity assay show, that under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by frameshift or base-pair substitution in the genome of the tester strains used. Therefore, the test item is considered non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay.