dinotefuran (ISO); 1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

08/10/2001 - 16/01/2002

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP, Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2002

Report date:

2002

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.4400 (Aquatic Plant Toxicity Test using Lemna spp. Tiers I & II))

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(RS)-1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine

EC Number:

605-399-0

Cas Number:

165252-70-0

Molecular formula:

C7H14N4O3

IUPAC Name:

(RS)-1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine

Test material form:

other: solid

Details on test material:

Purity 99.2%
Batch No. 2100910

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Duplicate samples of the fresh prepared test solutions were taken on days 0 and 4.
Duplicate samples of the old test solutions were taken on days 2 and 7.
All samples were stored at about -20°C.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Lemna gibba

Details on test organisms:

Species/strain: Lemna gibba G3
Source: Bayer AG, Crop Protection Institute for Environmental Biology, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
Age: more than two weeks

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Post exposure observation period:

3 days

Test conditions

Hardness:

not determined

Test temperature:

24 °C

pH:

7.4 – 7.6 at start of test medium renewals
8.6 – 9.2 at the end of test medium renewals

Dissolved oxygen:

Not reported

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

See table below

Details on test conditions:

The Lemna colonies in each test vessel were inspected for changes in frond and colony number and appearance (discoloration, sinking root length or other abnormalities) on days 2, 4 and 7. The number of living and dead fronds and the number of colonies were counted. Fronds visibly projecting over the edge of the mother frond were counted as separate fronds.

Additionally, the dry weight of a sample of fronds identical to that used to inoculate the test vessels was determined at the start of the test. At test termination, the dry weight of all colonies per vessel was determined. The colonies were dried at approx. 60°C to constant weight. Inhibition of Lemna growth was determined from:

• mean frond numbers
• the average specific growth rates
• the area under the growth curves (AUC)
• the final biomass determined on the basis of dry weight (DW)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 110 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mean frond numbers, average specific growth rate, area under growth curves, final biomass determined on the basis of dry weight

Details on results:

Dinotefuran concentration in the freshly prepared test medium of the highest test concentration of nominal 110 mg/L was 106% of the nominal value at the start of the first and last test medium renewal. At the end of the first and last test medium renewal, 92% and 99% of the nominal value were found after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Test item mean concentration (calculated as the average over all measurements in the test medium) was 101% of the nominal value.
The growth of Lemna gibba was not inhibited up to and including the highest test concentration of 110 mg/L. The mean frond and colony number, the average specific growth rates (r), and the AUC after the test period of 7 days were not statistically significantly reduced compared to the control values at any concentration (results of Dunnett-tests, one-sided, α = 0.05). The dry weight of the plants after the test period of 7 days was statistically not significantly lower compared to the control at any concentration. The plants showed no mortality or other abnormalities at any concentration or in the control.
Dinotefuran did not inhibit the growth of Lemna gibba during the exposure period of 7 days up to and including 110 mg/L. As a result, this concentration was determined as the 7-day NOEC (highest concentration tested without toxic effects after a test period of 7 days). This value could be higher, but concentrations greater than 110 mg/L were not tested.

After the 7 days test duration, the 7-day LOEC (lowest concentration tested with toxic effects) and the EC-values (EC5, EC10, EC50, and EC90) for the growth parameters could not be quantified due to the absence of a toxic effect of Dinotefuran up to and including the highest test concentration of 110 mg/L.

The doubling time (Td = In 2 / r) of Lemna growth in the control was determined to be 1.9 days. This shows that the growth of Lemna gibba was sufficiently high.

The pH values in the freshly prepared test media ranged from 7.4 to 7.6 at the start of the test medium renewal periods. Measured pH values were between 8.6 to 9.2 at the end of the test medium renewal periods. This increase of the pH during the test was caused by the CO2-consumption of the plants due to their rapid growth. All test media were clear solutions and remained clear throughout the test medium renewal periods.

See Tables 1 to 4.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Frond number, growth rate (r), AUC, and dry weight were determined or calculated for each test vessel, followed by calculation of the arithmetic mean frond number, mean growth rate, mean area, and mean dry weight, respectively, per test concentration and control. For the growth of Lemna after the 7-day exposure period, the 7-day NOEC (highest concentration without toxic effects) and the LOEC (lowest concentration with toxic effects) were determined by testing the growth parameters (mean frond numbers, average specific growth rate (r), the AUC, and the mean dry weight of the plants) at the test concentrations on statistically significant differences to the control values by multiple Dunnett-tests. The EC values (EC5, EC10, EC50, and EC90) for the growth parameters could not be calculated since no toxic effect of the test item on the growth of the plants was determined up to and including the highest test concentration.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: Influence of the test item on Lemna gibba growth: growth rates (r) and percentage inhibition of r

Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]	Growth rate r (1/day) and % inhibition of r
	0 – 48 h		0 – 96 h		0 – 168 h
	r	%	r	%	r	%
Control	0.35	0	0.36	0	0.36	0
11	0.32	8.0	0.34	4.3	0.34	4.8
20	0.35	0.2	0.37	-2.0	0.35	2.3
35	0.31	12.2	0.33	9.4	0.34	6.9
62	0.31	12.9	0.34	6.5	0.34	4.7
110	0.32	8.0	0.35	3.9	0.35	3.2

Growth rates (r) were not significantly lower than the corresponding control value at any test item concentration (Dunett-test, one-sided smaller, α = 0.05)

 

Table 2: Influence of the test item on Lemna gibba growth: areas under growth curves (AUC) and percentage inhibition of AUC

Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]	Areas under the growth curve (AUC) and percentage inhibition
	0 – 48 h		0 – 96 h		0 – 168 h
	AUC	%	AUC	%	AUC	%
Control	296	0	1520	0	7952	0
11	264	10.8	1384	8.9	7060	11.2
20	296	0	1560	-2.6	7716	3.0
35	248	16.2	1272	16.3	6564	17.5
62	248	16.2	1320	13.2	6960	12.5
110	264	10.8	1392	8.4	7284	8.4

AUC was not significantly lower than the corresponding control value at any test item concentration (Dunett-test, one-sided smaller, α = 0.05)

 

Table 3: Final biomass on the basis of dry weight (mg per test vessel) of Lemna colonies after 7 days

Vessel No.	Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]
	Control	11	20	35	62	110
1	20.1	14.9	19.9	14.1	17.1	16.2
2	14.0	16.2	14.3	18.3	17.6	17.6
3	21.3	12.9	19.7	16.3	19.6	19.4
Mean*	18.5	14.7	18.0	16.2	18.1	17.7
SD	3.9	1.7	3.2	2.1	1.3	1.6
% inhibition^#compared to control	-	21.5	2.9	12.9	2.3	4.3

Mean: arithmetic mean

SD: standard deviation

* all mean values not significantly lower than in control (Dunett-test, one sided, smaller, α = 0.05)

# % inhibition based on the increase in biomass (mean final dry weight minus starting dry weight).

Dry weight of three colonies with in total 12 fronds at test start: 0.86 mg

Table 4:         Total number of fronds and colonies per test vessel at the counting dates

Nominal test item concentration (mg/L)	Vessel No.	Frond number (#F) and colony number (#C) per test vessel								Inhibition of mean frond number*
		0 h (Day 0)		48 h (Day 2)		96 h (Day 4)		168 h (Day 7)
		#F	#C	#F	#C	#F	#C	#F	#C
Control	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	24 25 24	6 6 6	52 51 49	12 12 12	167 126 163	34 32 33
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	24.3 0.6	6.0 0.0	50.7 1.5	12.0 0.0	152.0 22.6	33.0 1.0	-
11	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	24 23 22	6 6 5	49 50 44	12 12 12	126 150 126	30 35 29
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	23.0 1.0	5.7 0.6	47.7 3.2	12.0 0.0	134.0 13.9	31.3 3.2	12.9%
20	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	23 24 26	6 6 7	47 53 57	12 12 12	142 128 158	34 28 34
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	24.3 1.5	6.3 0.6	52.3 5.0	12.0 0.0	142.7 15.0	32.0 3.5	6.7%
35	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	23 21 23	6 6 6	48 43 42	12 11 10	130 130 120	31 28 28
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	22.3 1.2	6.0 0.0	44.3 3.2	11.0 1.0	126.7 5.8	29.0 1.7	18.1%
62	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	19 24 24	6 6 5	40 51 48	10 12 11	120 133 150	28 33 35
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	22.3 2.9	5.7 0.6	46.3 5.7	11.0 1.0	134.3 15.0	32.0 3.6	12.6%
110	1 2 3	12 12 12	3 3 3	22 24 23	6 6 6	45 46 53	11 12 12	125 140 154	29 28 35
	Mean SD	12.0 0.0	3.0 0.0	23.0 1.0	6.0 0.0	48.0 4.4	11.7 0.6	139.7 14.5	30.7 3.8	8.8%

Mean: arithmetic mean

SD: standard deviation

* % inhibition of mean frond number compared to the control at the test end (after 168 hours)

Mean frond and colony numbers at the test end (after 168 hours) were not significantly lower than the control values at any test item concentration (according to Dunnett-tests, one-sided smaller, α = 0.05).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Dinotefuran did not inhibit the growth of Lemna gibba during the exposure period of 7 days up to and including 110 mg/L. This concentration was determined as the 7-day NOEC (highest concentration tested without toxic effects after a test period of 7 days). Due to the absence of a toxic effect of dinotefuran up to and including the highest test concentration of 110 mg/L, the 7-day LOEC (lowest concentration tested with toxic effects) and the EC10 and EC50 values after the 7-day test period could not be quantified for the different growth parameters, nonetheless, these parameters were clearly higher than 110 mg/L.