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EC number: 214-202-3 | CAS number: 1113-38-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Version / remarks:
- according to Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 15th ed. APHA, AWWA & WPCF, NY, 1980
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BOD5 was determined at three different temperatures, 20, 25 and 35 °C. The test was performed according to Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 15th ed. APHA, AWWA & WPCF, NY, 1980 as mentioned by the authors
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- No details provided
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 5 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 g/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 264 mg/L
- Based on:
- COD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: dissolved oxygen
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature: 20, 25 and 35 °C
- pH: 7
- pH adjusted: yes - Preliminary study:
- not specified
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 53.6
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 20 °C
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 91.8
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 25 °C
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 94.6
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 35 °C
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 53.6 other: % BOD of COD
- Remarks on result:
- other: after 5 d at 20 °C
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 91.8 other: % BOD of COD
- Remarks on result:
- other: after 5 d at 25 °C
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 94.6 other: % BOD of COD
- Remarks on result:
- other: after 5 d at 35 °C
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11734 Water quality - Evaluation of the "ultimate" anaerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in digested sludge - Method by measurement of the biogas production
- Version / remarks:
- 1995
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- anaerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: wastewater treatment plant in Beijing
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: 50 mL anaerobic sludge was centrifuged at 1000 x g and poured into the 600 mL serum bottle
- Pretreatment: cultured at 35 °C for ca. 1 week in order to reduce the residual organic substrate in the sludge - Duration of test (contact time):
- 50 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: the pressure of total gas produced in biodegradation was measured
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: COD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: determination of microbial activity by measuring INT-Dehydrogenase activity
- Remarks:
- according to Hongwei et al. (2002)
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to ISO 11734 (1995)
- Test temperature: 35 ± 1 °C
- pH: 7 ± 0.2 (with sodium bicarbonate)
- pH adjusted: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: serum bottles
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: medium purged with N2 for 5 min and then sealed in order to remove residual oxygen
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: included
- Remarks on result:
- other: for result refer to field `details on results´
- Details on results:
- In this study the anaerobic biodegradability of 47 aliphatic compounds was tested in order to develop on the basis of these data a quantitative structure biodegradability relationship (QSBR). Oxalic acid was among these substances and was found by the authors to be readily biodegradable under anaerobic conditions. This result is based on the value of the integrated assessment index (>1) as described under `any other information on materials and methods incl. tables´. Further details on the results of oxalic acid are not included. However, the results for the various groups of substances are consistent among each other.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- other: readily biodegradable under anaerobic conditions
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.5 (Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Development of a BOD test for large volume experiments and quiescent conditions such as would be found in the environment (e.g. lake). System developed for determination of the rate, degree and extent of biodegradation of organic chemicals. Oxygen consumption, TOC, DOC and bacterial growth were determined during the test.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: St. Louis Metropolitan Sewer District manhole, Washington University campus
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: raw wastewater was settled and filtrated - Duration of test (contact time):
- 20 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- TOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to Standard Methods (for BOD testing) for the examination of Water and Wastewater (Am. Pub. Health Assn., New York 1965)
- Test temperature: 19.5 - 20.5 °C
- pH: not specified
- Inoculum: 2 mL/L settled, raw wastewater
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: BOD apparatus of Orford et al. 1953. Two autoclaved 9 L pyrex bottles with a connecting siphon. The one bottle was placed lower than the other in order to allow automatic flow of the medium from the higher bottle to the lower one at sampling time points. The lower bottle was kept full and closed in order to avoid air while the higher bottle was opened.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 1
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: if re-aeration was necessary, filtered air was blown for 20-30 min directly into the lower bottle
- Measuring equipment: see details on analytical methods
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16 and 20
- Sampling method: samples were taken from the lower bottle by opening the hose clamp of the siphon. The volume of the sample was replaced continuously through the siphon from the second bottle, which was covered but had access to the atmosphere. The first 50 mL were discarded in order to clear the sampling channel. Samples for dissolved oxygen: 125 mL in a reagent bottle; for COD and TOC analysis: 30 to 40 mL in a clean tube; for centrifugation: 40 mL (also for TOC analysis); nitrite determination: 50 mL in a nessler tube.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: included (no carbon source)
- Abiotic sterile control: not included
- Toxicity control: not included
- Reference substance: glucose and glutamic acid - Reference substance:
- other: glucose-glutamic acid solution, 10 mg/L
- Preliminary study:
- no data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: BOD5 = 0.16 mg O2/mg test mat.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 20 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: BOD20 = 0.16 mg O2/mg test mat.
- Details on results:
- TOC and COD data confirmed the data from the oxygen consumption.
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 0.16 g O2/g test mat.
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 89 other: % of TOD
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference with glucose-glutamic acid solution (10 mg/L) showed immediate uptake of oxygen at the start of the test. A maximum uptake was observed the fifth day. After this timepoint no further O2 uptake was observed. The 5-day BOD was 1.49 mg O2/mg test mat. COD and TOC analysis verified the depletion of the substrate.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the analogue justification provided in IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: Young et al., 1968
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 20 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: Young et al., 1968
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 53.6
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 20 °C
- Remarks:
- Source: Deshkar et al., 1985
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 91.8
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 25 °C
- Remarks:
- Source: Deshkar et al., 1985
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 94.6
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at 35 °C
- Remarks:
- Source: Deshkar et al., 1985
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Progressive BOD (exp. values) and % of COD (% biodegradation).
20 °C | 25°C | 35°C | ||||
Day | Progressive BOD (exp. value) | BOD per day (% of COD) | Progressive BOD (exp. value) | BOD per day (% of COD) | Progressive BOD (exp. value) | BOD per day (% of COD) |
1 | 10 | 3.7 | 35 | 13.2 | 46 | 17.4 |
2 | 30 | 7.6 | 154 | 45 | 187 | 53.4 |
3 | 60 | 11.4 | 201 | 20 | 224 | 14 |
4 | 130 | 26.5 | 210 | 3.4 | 225 | 0.37 |
5 | 145 | 5.6 | 240 | 11.3 | - | - |
Additional to the above listed degradation results, Hongwei et al., 2003 found the read across substance oxalic acid to be rapidly biodegradable under anaerobic conditions without providing an exact value. The study was performed according to international standards and the result was based on data from the pressure of total gas produced during biodegradation, the chemical oxygen demand and the determination of the microbial activity by measuring INT-Dehydrogenase activity.
Description of key information
Diammonium oxalate (CAS 1113-38-8) is readily biodegradable based on read across data from oxalic acid (CAS 144-62-7).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Data on the biodegradability of diammonium oxalate (CAS 1113-38-8) are not available. Therefore, a read across was performed to the analogue substance oxalic acid (CAS 144-62-7). Three publications are available on the biodegradability of oxalic acid.
In the study by Young et al. (1968) the ready biodegradability of oxalic acid was tested with a method similar to EU Guidance C.5. A non-adapted, activated sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant was used as inoculum and was exposed to an initial nominal test substance concentration of 10 mg/L. After 5 and 20 d test duration, 89% degradation of the test substance was observed.
Similar observations were made by Deshkar et al. (1985). Non-adapted domestic sewage sludge was exposed for 5 d at three different temperatures (20, 25 and 35°C) to 2 g/L test material (264 mg/L COD). The procedure of the study was similar to the “Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater 15th ed. APHA, AWWA & WPCF, NY, 1980”. The authors reported 53.6, 91.8 and 94.6% biodegradation at 20, 25 and 35°C, respectively.
Furthermore, Hongwei et al. (2003) tested the anaerobic biodegradation of oxalic acid according to the ISO guideline 11734. Non-adapted domestic sewage sludge was exposed to 100 mg/L (TOC) of the test substance for 50 d under anaerobic conditions. Three assessment indices named CI, GI and AI were calculated by the authors. These indices were associating to the changes of the experimental data of COD, gas volume and INT-DHA, respectively. Subsequently the integrated assessment index (IAI), which was based on CI, GI and AI, was calculated. The statement of the ready biodegradability of the substances in this publication was based on the value of the IAI (if IAI>1, substance could be assumed readily biodegradable). On this basis the authors found that oxalic acid was readily biodegradable under tested conditions.
All available data indicate that oxalic acid (CAS 144-62-7) is readily biodegradable. On the basis of the read across data on oxalic acid, the target substance diammonium oxalate (CAS 1113-38-8) is considered rapidly biodegradable as well. The target substance is well soluble in water and is expected to dissociate into its salts oxalic acid, which is well biodegradable and ammonium, which can be transformed to other nitrogen species depending on the environmental conditions but due to its inorganic nature is not affected by the biodegradability concept.
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