Absolute of Cistus ladaniferus (Cistaceae) obtained from cistus concrete by heat treatment and ethanol extraction.

Partition coefficient

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

partition coefficient

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Justification for type of information:

The substance is a complex mixture, which contains a large number of constituents, which are mostly unkown but which have different solubility (often low solubility) and volatility. In addition its physical state leads to difficulties for physico-chemical testing: It is described as a viscous liquid.
A GLP study has been conducted according to OECD 117 on an analogue substance, a labdanum resinoid obtained from the same botanical source. This study lead to a non reliable result (logKow < 0.3 while the substance is mainly insoluble in water), showing that this method is not applicable for such complex substances.
In addition, the physical state and the limited knowledge on the composition of such substances lead to technical issues to quantify the substance dissolved in water or in octanol media (GC/FID does not allow to detect the totality of the test item constituents). Then OCDE 107 and 123 are also considered as not appropriate.
Finally conventional standard tests for partition coefficient endpoint intended for single substances are considered as not appropriate for such complex substances.
That is why the test has been waived for the registered substance.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference 2

Endpoint:

partition coefficient

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies

Study period:

06-11 March 2014

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Justification for type of information:

A study has been conducted according to OECD 117 leading to a non reliable result (logKow < 0.3 while the substance is mainly insoluble in water) and showing that this conventional standard test for partition coefficient endpoint is not appropriate for such complex substances.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 117 (Partition Coefficient (n-octanol / water), HPLC Method)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.8 (Partition Coefficient - HPLC Method)

Version / remarks:

2008

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

inspected on 29 and 30 November 2010 / signed on 11 April 2011

Type of method:

HPLC method

Partition coefficient type:

octanol-water

Type:

log Pow

Partition coefficient:

< 0.3

Temp.:

25 °C

pH:

ca. 6

Remarks on result:

not determinable because of methodological limitations

Remarks:

Assuming that the test item consists mainly of one peak, calculation of logKow, mean and standard deviation of the major component of test item was not possible because the retention time of measurements lay below the retention time of thiourea. So the log POW of the test item is stated as < 0.3.

Results:

Reference item:

For each reference item, the retention times, the calculated capacity factors K, logK and log Kow were presented in the following table:

Compound	Mean Retention Time (min)	K	log K	log POW
Thiourea	1,482	0
2-Butanone	1,981	0,3369	-0.4726	0.30
Benzylalcohol	2,407	0,6241	-0.2047	1.10
Acetophenone	3,016	1,0355	0.0152	1.70
Nitrobenzene	3,645	1,4599	0.1643	1.90
Benzene	5,286	2,567	0.4094	2.10
Toluene	8,596	4,8008	0.6813	2.70
Naphthalene	12,367	7,346	0.8660	3.60

Dead time is 1.482 ± 0.002 minutes, with RSD 0.1%.

The RSD of the retention times of the reference items lay all below 0.5 %.

Equation of the regression:

log k = 0.4399 * log POW – 0.6337 with a coefficient of determination r² = 0.9616

Test item:

Retention Times Test Item

Measurement	RT 1	RT 2	RT 3
	min.	min.	min.
Measurement 1	1.365	1.936	5.412
Measurement 2	1.36	1.946	5.405
Measurement 3	1.361	1.930	5.407
Mean	1.362	1.937	5.408
Standard Deviation	0.003	0.008	0.004

 

Areas Test Item

Measurement	Area Peak 1	Rel. 1	Area Peak 2	Rel. 2	Area Peak 3	Rel. Area Peak 3
	mAU*min	%	mAU*min	%	mAU*min	%
Measurement 1	17.4385	95.64	0.2898	1.59	0.1424	0.78
Measurement 2	17.4690	94.60	0.3843	2.08	0.1925	1.04
Measurement 3	17.3221	94.25	0.4228	2.30	0.1481	0.81
Mean	17.4099	94.83	0.3656	1.99	0.1610	0.88
Standard Deviation	0.45%	0.76%	18.73%	18.31%	17.05%	16.48%

As peaks 2 and 3, showed a relative area < 5%, they were considered as minor peaks.

The calculated values are presented in the following table:

Capacity Factor, log Capacity Factor, log P_OWTest Item Peaks

Peak	Measurement No.	K	log K	log POW
1	1	-0.0788	Not calculable*	Not calculable*
	2	-0.0822	Not calculable*	Not calculable*
	3	-0.0815	Not calculable*	Not calculable*
	Mean		Not calculable*	Not calculable*
	Stand. Dev.		Not calculable*	Not calculable*
2	1	0.3065	-0.5136	0.273
	2	0.3132	-0.5041	0.295
	3	0.3024	-0.5194	0.260
	Mean			0.276
	Stand. Dev.			0.017
3	1	2.6522	0.4236	2.403
	2	2.6475	0.4228	2.402
	3	2.6489	0.4231	2.402
	Mean			2.402
	Stand. Dev.			0.001

*As the retention time of peak 1 lies below the retention time of thiourea, the log P_OWof peak 1 is not calculable.

 

log P_OWwas calculated from the capacity factor as follows:

 

log P_OW= (log K + 0.6337) / 0.4399

Executive summary:

The partition coefficient of the test substance was measured according to the OECD 117/EU A8 guideline, HPLC method. The system was calibrated with seven different references substances.

The measurements of the test item solution were very reproducible ( very small variations in the retention times of reference items and test item) and correlation log K/Log POW is good (r² = 0.9616).

Nevertheless, the log POW of the major peak of test item was not calculable, because during the measurements its retention time lies below the retention time of thiourea and thus not within the range of log Kows of the reference items. The corresponding log Kow is stated as < 0.3 (log POW of 2-Butanone, the reference item with the lowest log POW).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

partition coefficient

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

run on 2018

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction : The values obtained on known constituents of the substance are not experimental results, however the QSAR model is recommended by the ECHA guidance document on information requirements, is well documented with regard to validation parameters according to OECD principles. Moreover, the constituents of the substance are fully characterised towards the applicability domain.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Principles of method if other than guideline:

QSAR estimation

Partition coefficient type:

octanol-water

Type:

log Pow

Partition coefficient:

>= -0.14 - <= 8.29

Remarks on result:

other: Temperature and pH not provided (QSAR estimation)

Remarks:

Range of logKow estimated on a the known constituents of the substance

Temperature and pH values are not considered in this model.

The estimation is based on the non-ionised form of the molecule.

No Experimental Value Adjustment was made.

The molecular weight of the constituents are between 46.1 and 308.5 g/mol, hence within the estimation domain of the validation set (27.03 -991.15 g/mol), all the functional groups are included in the list of descriptors, and, the occurence of each fragment is below the maximum number in the training/validation sets (Appendix D), such as:

		Training Set		Validation Set
Fragment Descriptor & Correction Factor Descriptor	Coef	Max	Number	Max	Number
-CH3 [aliphatic carbon]	0,5473	13	1401	20	7413
-CH2-   [aliphatic carbon]	0,4911	18	1083	28	7051
=CH- or =C<  [olefinc carbon]	0,3836	10	239	10	1847
-COOH   [acid, aliphatic attach]	-0,6895	3	126	3	672
-OH   [hydroxy, aliphatic attach]	-1,4086	6	187	9	1525
Aromatic carbon	0,294	24	1790	30	8792
-C(=O)O [ester, aliphatic attach]	-0,9505	3	113	6	1178

Conclusions:

Log Kow of known constituents of the substance, representing a limited fraction of the composition, were estimated to be between -0.14 and 8.29 (estimated by QSAR)

Executive summary:

The partition coefficient of the known constituents of the substance were estimated using the recommended QSAR model KOWWIN v1.68, based on Atom/Fragment Contribution (AFC) method. The constituents of the test item were within the applicability domain (MW, descriptors).

This range of logKow was estimated between -0.14 and 8.29, with a standard deviation provided by the model of 0.48.

Description of key information

No range of logKow representative of the test item can be determined (neither with an experimental approach nor with an estimation approach)

Additional information

The substance is a complex mixture, which contains a large number of constituents, which are mostly unkown but which have different solubility (often low solubility) and volatility. In addition the physical state of such complex substances leads to difficulties for physico-chemical testing: the registered substance is described as a viscous liquid.

A study has been conducted according to OECD 117 on an analogue substance, a labdanum resinoid obtained from the same botanical source. This study lead to a non reliable result (logKow < 0.3 while the substance is mainly insoluble in water), showing that this method is not applicable for such complex substances. In addition, the physical state and the limited knowledge on the composition of such substances lead to technical issues to quantify the substance dissolved in water or in octanol media. Then OCDE 107 and 123 are also considered as not appropriate.

Finally conventional standard tests for partition coefficient endpoint intended for single substances are considered as not appropriate for such complex substances. That is why the test has been waived for the registered substance.

In addition calculated values were provided on known constituents of the substance. However, only a range of logKow on a limited part of the composition of the substance can be calculated using QSAR estimations. Therefore it is considered that no range logKow representative of the whole test item can be determined (neither with an experimental approach nor with an estimation approach).