Biphenyl-2-ol

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg a.i./L
- Sampling time: at 0, 72 and 96 hours

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 0.01% v/v

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: UTEX 1648
- Source: Department of Botany, University of Texas, USA
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3-7 days
- Method of cultivation: cultured in freshwater algal nutrient medium under continuous illumination of approx. 4300 Lux at a temperature of 24 ± 2°C.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

24 ± 2 °C

pH:

After 0 hours: 7.4 - 7.5
After 72 hours: 7.7 -8.1

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg a.i./L
Mean measured concentrations (72 h, % of nominal): 86- 94
Mean measured concentrations (96 h, % of nominal): 83 - 89

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml test solution
- Initial cells density: 10 000 cells/ml
- Control end cells density: 57E+04 cells/ml after 72 h; 147E+04 after 96 hours
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Test medium was freshwater algal nutrient medium (FWAM), prepared by the addition of appropriate reagent nutrients to ABC reagent water

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: permanent
- Light intensity and quality: cool-white fluorescent lightning, 4300 ± 430 lx

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: cell densities after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.468 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.57 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.35 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.432 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.78 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Executive summary:

The study from Hicks (2002) was conducted according to OECD 201 and revealed a EC50 (72 h) of 3.57 mg/L for the growth rate of Selenastrum capricornutum. The NOEC (72 h) is 0.468 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study according to a national standard method with some missing details

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Scenedesmus-Zellvermehrungs-Hemmtest, DIN 38412 Teil 9, Bestimmung der Hemmwirkung von Wasserinhaltsstoffen auf Gruenalgen (method of the German Standards Institution, Berlin, Germany)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

0.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.98 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

0.38 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.85 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP guideline study, some test details are missing

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.35 mg/L

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

3.8 mg/L

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Description of key information

ErC50 (72 h) = 3.57 mg a.i./L and NOEC (72 h) = 0.468 mg i.a./L for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata  (nominal, OECD 201)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

3.57 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:

0.468 mg/L

Additional information

To investigate the influence of OPP (CAS-No. 90-43-7) on the growth of aquatic algae the results of a GLP study according to OECD 201 are available (Hicks, 2002). Based on growth rate a 72- hour ErC50 of 3.57 mg a.i./L (measured) for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined. The corresponding NOEC (72 h) was 0.468 mg a.i./L

Additionally, effects of OPP on another green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (formerly Scenedesmus subspicatus) were investigated by Caspers (1989). Due to significant deficiencies found in the methodology, (e.g. no analytical measurements) the test results should only be regarded as additional information and will not be used for the risk assessment.