Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio) was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid ( 2-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid) (57352-34-8). Based on the mortality of test organism the LC50 value was estimated to be 110.224 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to Danio rerio for 96 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to be not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances, toxicity on daphnia magna was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8). Based on the immobility of test organism the EC50 value was estimated to be 161.264 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to be not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the ten closest read across substances, toxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8). Based on the growth rate inhibition of algae the EC50 value was estimated to be 193.676 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) for 72hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

 

Additional information

Summarized result of toxicity of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) on the growth and other activity of fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae and cyanobacteria by considering the data for target as well as RA chemical which was selected on the basis of structure similarity are as follows:

 

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on the various prediction data for the target chemical and experimental data for read across chemical which was structurally and functionally similar with the target chemical, study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) on the growth of fish. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first predicted study for the target chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) from QSAR toolbox 2017, study was carried out. Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, toxicity on Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio) was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid ( 2-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid) (57352-34-8). Based on the mortality of test organism the LC50 value was estimated to be 110.224 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to Danio rerio for 96 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to be not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

 

Second weight of evidence study conducted for the read across RA chemical (98-33-9) from Sewage Ind. Wastes, 1957, which is structurally and functionally similar with the target chemical. In acute toxicity to fish test been performed to evaluate the toxicological effects of chemical 3 - methylsulphanilic acidin fish. The chemical was exposed to Gambusia affinis fish with dose concentration of 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L with exposure duration of 24, 48 and 96 hrs. Adult mosquitofish fishes were collected from Stillwater creek from payne country. Test performed in the static system under the proper temperature and pH. 10 fishes in 1 aquarium used for the test. After the incubation lethal effect was measured at which 50% growth inhibited. In control at 180 mg/l and less, the fishes were apparently normal. At 320 ppm one was dead in 48-hrs, 2 in 72-h and fourth in 96-h. At 560 and 1000 ppm all were dead in 6 hrs. Only. Based on the mortality of Gambusia affinis fish due to the contact with chemical 3 - methylsulphanilic acid, the LC50 was determine to be 425 mg/l, 410, 375 mg/l for 24, 48, 96hrs. Based on the LC50, it can be concluded that the chemical 3 - methylsulphanilic acid was nontoxic and be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in the third weight of evidence study for the read across chemical (121-57-3) Chemophere, 1994. Toxic effects of test substance 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid was determined on various fish species like Leuciscus idus, Brachydanio rerio, Salmo gaidneri, Pimephales promelas, Lepomis macrochirus, Poecilia reticulate for 48 and 96 hrs in static condition and in fresh water. Based on the experimental data the lethal concentration i.e LC0 and LC50 of test substance 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid on fish Leuciscus idus, Brachydanio rerio, Salmo gaidneri, Pimephales promelas, Lepomis macrochirus, Poecilia reticulate was determine to be LC50 was 100.4 mg/l for 96 hrs and LC0 was 1000 mg/l for 48 hrs. Thus based on the above experimental result the test substance 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid (Cas no. 121-57-3) was nontoxic to fish and thus not consider for the further classification as per the CLP criteria. 

Similarly in the fourth weight of evidence study for the read across chemical (88-44-8) Envichem 2017, in experimental study the toxic effects of test substance 2-amino-5-methylbenzene - sulfonic acid was examined on fish Oryzias latipes for 48 hrs. During experiment the lethal concentration (LC50) was determine to be 480 mg/l on the basis of mortality effects. Thus based on the lethal concentration of substance 2-amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid it can be consider that it is nontoxic to fish and thus not consider for aquatic classification. 

Based on the predicted data for the target chemical and experimental studies for the read across chemical obtain from various sources (Sewage Ind. Wastes, 1957, Chemosphere, Envichem, 2017) toxicity on fish was studied due to the exposure of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8), it was concluded that the chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid was consider as nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic to fish as per CLP classification criteria.  

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) on the growth of invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first predicted study for the target chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) from QSAR toolbox 2017, study was carried out. Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances, toxicity on daphnia magna was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8). Based on the immobility of test organism the EC50 value was estimated to be 161.264 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to daphnia magna for 48 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to be not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

 

Second weight of evidence study conducted for the read across RA chemical (121-57-3) which is structurally and functionally similar with the target chemical. Data obtain from Chemosphere, 1994. Toxicological profile for the sulfonic acids were study. Total 24hrs of exposure was provided to the daphnia magna. From the study the EC50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates for Sulfanilic acid (121-57-3) in 24 hrs was determined to be 109.13 mg/l. Based on the result, Sulfanilic acid (121-57-3) was considered as not classified as per the CLP regulations.

 

Similarly in the third weight of evidence study for the read across chemical 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (Sodium p-toluenesulfonate) (657-84-1) from j-check 2017, toxicity study was carried out. Acute Immobilization Test of 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (Sodium p-toluenesulfonate) to Daphnia magna was studied for 48hrs. Test was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test). Test conducted in the static system. Control and 1000 mg/l nominal concentration was added in the test vessel filled with 100 ml of test solution. Test conducted in the four replicates, 20 daphnia magna was added in per concentration (i.e. 5 per vessel). Results after 24-hour exposure at 50 % Effective concentration (EC50) for immobilization was ≥ 1000 mg/L, and after 48-hour exposure No observed effect concentration (NOEC) for immobilization was 1000 mg/L. The effect concentration at which 50% growth inhibited and immobility was observed in the daphnia magna after the exposure of chemical 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid for 48hrs was ≥ 1000 mg/l. Thus based on the EC50, it can be concluded that the 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid was nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Based on the predicted data for the target chemical and experimental studies for the read across chemical obtain from various sources (Chemosphere, j-check, 2017) toxicity on invertebrates was studied due to the exposure of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8), it was concluded that the chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid was consider as nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic to aquatic invertebrates as per CLP classification criteria.  

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) on the growth of aquatic algae. The studies are as mentioned below:

The first predicted study for the target chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) from QSAR toolbox 2017, using based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the ten closest read across substances, toxicity on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) was predicted for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8). Based on the growth rate inhibition of algae the EC50 value was estimated to be 193.676 mg/l when Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid exposed to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) for 72hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to not toxic to aquatic environment as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.   

 

In second predicted study for the target chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8) from Danish QSAR, 2017 was used based on the prediction done using the three different models i.e, Battery, Leadscope and SciQSAR used within Danish QSAR database, the short term toxicity on green algae was predicted for test substance  Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352 -34 -8). The average EC50 value was given by the third model i.e, Battery model. On the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system, the effect concentration EC50 value for the substance Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is estimated to be 212.0419 mg/l for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata during 72 hr exposure duration. Thus, on the basis of EC50 value, it can be concluded that the test chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid can be considered as non-toxic to green algae at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered not-classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Experimental study for the read across chemical 4-amino-m-toluenesulfonic acid (98-33-9) from ABITEC report, 2017 was studied. Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance 4-amino-3- methylbenzenesulfonic acid according to OECD Guideline 201. The test substance was dissolved in OECD growth medium and tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30, 45, 67, 100, 150 mg/L. Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance 4-amino-3-methylbenzene- sulfonic acid, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 110.6 mg/L. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified as per the CLP criteria.

 

Similarly in the fourth weight of evidence study for the structurally similar read across chemical 1,3-Phenylenediamine-4-sulfonic (88-63-1 ) from ABITEC lab report 2017. Freshwater algal growth inhibition test was carried out on Desmodesmus subspicatus with the substance 1,3-Phenylenediamine-4-sulfonic Acid according to OECD Guideline 201. The stock solution 150 mg/l was prepared by dissolving light brown powder in OECD growth medium. The solution was kept in ultrasonic bath for 20 min. Test solutions of required concentration were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Sample tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 30, 45, 67, 100 and 150 mg/L. Test performed by the static system for 72hrs of exposure period. Effects on the growth rate of the organism were studied. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance 1,3-Phenylenediamine-4-sulfonic Acid, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 110 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study. This value indicates that the substance 1,3-Phenylenediamine-4-sulfonic Acid is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified as toxic as per the CLP classification criteria. 

 

Similarly in the fifth weight of evidence study for the structurally similar read across chemical (98-37-3) Water Research Pergamon Press, 1968. Short term toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoidosa (green algae) study was carried out for 72 hrs. Emerson strain of bacteria free, experimentally reproducible cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was used as a test organism. The procedure involve the use of test tubes in both the screening and final tests. These test tubes contained 15 ml of inorganic culture medium, a predetermined amount of test chemical and 5 ml of algal culture. The tubes were incubated for 72 hrs and chlorophyll content of the algal suspensions was measured every 24 hrs. For chlorophyll measurement, the chlorophyll pigment was extracted with hot methanol in two separate extractions. An algal suspension, 2.5 ml, was removed from the test tube, centrifuged, washed with distilled water, and recentrifuged in preparation of chlorophyll analysis. After discarding the supernatant, the deposited cell material was coagulated by placing the cells in a boiling water bath for about 40 sec. About 2.5 ml of methanol were used in each extraction. Finally, the chlorophyll solution was diluted to a total volume of 10 ml with an acetone-water mixture (80 per cent by volume). A Beckman Spectrophotometer, Model DB, was used to measure the chlorophyll content according to MACKINv (1941) and ARNON (1949). For this a wavelength of 652 m/z was used because different proportions of chlorophyll a and b least affect the results at this wavelength. Control tubes containing no test chemical was also used in the experiment. Knop's solution, including the Hutner-EDTA microelement addition, was used as the culture medium. pH of culture medium was adjusted to 7.0 using KOH before use. The test organism was maintained under steady-state conditions, provided a chlorophyll content of 38 mg/l. Environmental control was rigidly maintained. The temp of water bath was 25 ± 1°C. The test apparatus consisted of a constant-temperature water bath, a light source containing four 200W fluorescent lamps with attached aluminum reflectors, a gas manifold to supply an air-CO2 mixture to each test tube, and a rack to hold the test tubes. A stream of 5 % CO2 in air gas mixture was supplied to culture medium in order to provide the inorganic carbon source and also to keep the algal ceils in suspension. Based on destruction of chlorophyll of test organism by test chemical Amino-1-phenol-4-sulfonic acid, the LOEC value was determine to be1500 mg/l and as no toxic effect at 1000 mg/l was observed, the NOEC value was determine to be 1000 mg/l. Thus, based on this value, it can be concluded that the substance can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

 

Based on the predicted data for the target chemical (OECD QSAR, Danish QSAR, 2017) and experimental studies for the read across chemical obtain from various sources (ABITEC report, Water Research Pergamon Press, 1968) toxicity on algae was studied due to the exposure of Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8), it was concluded that the chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid was consider as nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic to aquatic invertebrates as per CLP classification criteria.   

 

Based on the data obtain from various sources for evaluating the toxicity of target chemical Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid (57352-34-8), on the fish, invertebrates, algal growth, it can be concluded that the substance for Ethylbenzenesulphonic acid is considered to be nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic to aquatic environment as per CLP classification criteria.