Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water:

Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt(CAS no. 15876 -40 -1) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltis expected to be not readily biodegradable.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compoundHydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS No. 15876 -40 -1). If released in to the environment, 1.3 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltin water is estimated to be 60 days (1440 hrs). The half-life (60 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to high whereas the half-life period ofHydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltin sediment is estimated to be 541.66 days (13000 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydra zin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate is persistent in sediment as well.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS No. 15876 -40 -1) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 36.5 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt in soil is estimated to be 120 days (2880 hrs). Based on this half-life value of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water:

Predicted data study for target chemical Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS no. 15876 -40 -1) and its various experimental studies for its read across chemicals are summarized below for biodegradation in water endpoint.

Predicted data study was done by using Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) to estimate the biodegradation potential of the test compound Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS no. 15876 -40 -1) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltis expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study 28-days Manometric respirometry test was performed by using OECD guideline 301 F to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across item disodium 3- [(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate, CAS No. 4548 -53 -2 this study was taken from UERL laboratory report (2016). The test system included control, read across item and reference item. The concentration of read across and reference item ( Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 30 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 10 ml/L. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of read across and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for read across item and reference item. The BOD28 value of disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5- sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate, CAS No. 4548-53-2 was observed to be mgO2 sup>/mg. ThOD was calculated as mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to manometric respirometry test was determined to be 12.807 %.Based on the results, the read across item, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

In another supporting weight of evidence study 28-days Manometric respirometry test was conducted by using OECD guideline 301 F to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across item Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2', 4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene] cyclohexa-2, 5-dien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium, sodium salt (CAS No. 129-17-9) from same source as mentioned above (UERL, 2016).. The concentration of read across and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 100mg/L, while that of inoculum was 10ml/l. The BOD28 value of read across chemical Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2', 4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene] cyclohexa-2, 5-dien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium, sodium salt (CAS No. 129-17-9) was observed to be 0.0335 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.892 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to manometric respirometry test was determined to be 1.77%. Based on the results, the read across, under the test conditions, it is concluded that this read across chemical is non-biodegradable at 20 ± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

Further in next weight of evidence study the Biodegradation experiment was carried out for 48 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradation of the read across chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt (CAS no. 2611-82-7) using modified OECD Guideline 302B (from Chemosphere journal, 1986). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum. The sources of the activated sludge were treatment plants conveniently located to the laboratories carrying out the test. These treatment plants received communal and/or industrial wastewater. Concentration of inoculum i.e, activated sludge used was 0.5 g/l and initial read across substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l. Analytical methods involve the measurement of extinction at absorption maximum 412 nm and DOC (dissolved organic carbon).The percentage degradation of read across substance 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt was determined to be 5% by DOC removal. Based on the limit values for classification of Static Test – the read across chemical was classified in CATEGORY ‘D’. Thus, the read across substance 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Similarly, in last weight of evidence study the Biodegradation experiment was conducted under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (CAS no. 915 -67 -3) ( from the journal of Toxicological Sciences, 1978). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum obtained from the municipal sewage treatment plant, Nakahama, Osaka. The return sludge was acclimated to the synthetic sewage for a week or longer, and it was used for the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition experiments. Synthetic sewage was prepared by dissolving Glucose, peptone and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30g each, in 1 liter water and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide. Concentration of inoculum used for the study was 3000 mg/L. Percentage degradation of read across chemical was determined by measuring the absorbance (test material analysis), oxygen uptake and BOD parameter. For the aerobic decomposition of dyes with sludge, 250 ml of 0.03 M dye solution was added to 750 ml of sludge (MLSS ca, 3,000 ppm), and bubbled with air sufficiently at 20°C. 5ml sample was taken out once a day. After sampling 5ml of synthetic sewage was added to the mixture then each sample was filtered through filter paper and diluted twenty times prior to the spectrophotometric measurement at the absorption maximum within the visible range. The decrease of dyes concentration was expressed in terms of percent to the initial absorption whereas measurement oxygen uptake by sludge involve 2.0 ml of sludge, 0.2 ml of 1,000 ppm dye solution, and O.2 ml of 20% potassium hydroxide were pipetted into the vessel, the side arm and central well, respectively. The sludge and the dye solution were mixed and the vessel was shaken at 25oC. The oxygen uptake was measured. The oxygen uptake by sludge alone was subtracted from the by dye addition. For determining the BOD values, read across chemical solutions (10, 20 and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C. The dissolved oxygen contents were then measured by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The percentage degradation of read across chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was determined to be 20% in 10 days by using the test material analysis parameter. From the oxygen uptake by Warburg’s manometer, the low activity of the sludge to dye was obtained and by using the dissolved oxygen meter, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5th day were essentially the same to initial ones. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the read across chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Thus based on the results of all the studies mentioned above it is concluded that the test chemical Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS no. 15876 -40 -1) can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compoundHydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS No. 15876 -40 -1). If released in to the environment, 1.3 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltin water is estimated to be 60 days (1440 hrs). The half-life (60 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to high whereas the half-life period ofHydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium saltin sediment is estimated to be 541.66 days (13000 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydra zin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate is persistent in sediment as well.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt (CAS No. 15876 -40 -1) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 36.5 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt in soil is estimated to be 120 days (2880 hrs). Based on this half-life value of Hydrogen [4-[4-(diethylamino)-2',4'-disulphonatobenzhydrylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium, aluminium salt, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.