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EC number: 201-746-1 | CAS number: 87-44-5
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- April 24* to August 10, 2018 (* Start of the first test, which was invalid due to a < 60 % degradation of the reference item by Day 14.)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 310 (Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2014
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.29 (Ready Biodegradability - CO2 in Sealed Vessels (Headspace Test))
- Version / remarks:
- 2014
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: aerobic activated sewage sludge from the aeration stage of the local wastewater treatment plant, which treats predominantly domestic sewage.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The aerobic activated sewage sludge was washed three times by centrifugation, decantation of the supernatant liquid phase and resuspension of the solid material in tap water and finally in mineral medium
- Storage conditions: sludge was aerated with CO2-free air at room temperature
- Storage length: one day prior to use
- Pretreatment: dry weight of the sludge was determined and the sludge was diluted with mineral medium to a concentration of 1 g dry material per liter
- Concentration of sludge: 4 mg dry material per liter - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 16.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Initial conc.:
- 18.7 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- inorg. C analysis
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to testing guidelines
- Test temperature: 20-21 °C
- pH: 7.1 (test item bottle), 7.4 (inoculum control bottle)
- pH adjusted: yes, from 7.8 to 7.4
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 125 mL Wheaton glass serum bottles, with a total volume of around 160 mL, sealed with aluminum crimp caps with Teflon lined chlorobutyl septa
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 35
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: sealed bottles with a headspace of air, which provides a reservoir of oxygen for aerobic biodegradation
- Measuring equipment: IC analyses were performed using TOC infrared gas analyzer equipped with an automatic sampler (vario TOC cube, Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Germany)
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Test item and inoculum control: Exposure Day 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28; Procedure control (reference item): Exposure Day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28; Toxicity control (test item + reference item): Exposure Day 0, 7, 14 and 28.
- Sampling method: Triplicate bottles were measured on each sampling occasion throughout the test. Five bottles from each series (except the toxicity control) were analyzed at the end of the test to enable 95 % confidence intervals to be calculated for the mean percentage biodegradation value.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Toxicity control: 1-octanol and test item - Reference substance:
- other: 1-octanol
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (inorg. C analysis)
- Value:
- 64
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: maximum mean level of biodegradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (inorg. C analysis)
- Value:
- 56
- St. dev.:
- 18
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation was calculated based on TOC of 0.738 mg C/mg.
Procedure control: reference item 1-octanol was degraded by an average of 70 % (Exposure Day 7) and 77 % (Exposure Day 14), thus confirming suitability of
the activated sludge (> 60 % degradation by Exposure Day 14). At the end of the 28-day exposure period, the mean percentage biodegradation of the five
procedure control bottles sampled was 84 % (95 % CI: ± 11 %). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item was found to be readily biodegradable within 28 days of exposure to activated sludge under the test conditions of the conducted CO2 in Sealed Vessels Test (Headspace Test).
The maximum mean level of biodegradation, denominated according to the guidelines as the degree of biodegradation of the test item, was reached on Day 21 and had a value of 64 %.
At the end of the 28-day exposure period, the mean percentage biodegradation of the five test item bottles sampled was 56 % with a 95 % confidence interval of ± 18 %.
The pass level for ready biodegradability (IC production of at least 60 % of ThIC in a 10-day window within the 28-day test period) was reached on Exposure Day 5 (64 %).
The test item had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 16.5 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Inorganic Carbon Concentration (IC) in the Test Flasks
|
IC found in test flasks (IC in mg C/L) |
|||||||||||
Time (days) |
Test item1 |
Reference item1 |
||||||||||
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
mean |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
mean |
|
0 |
-0.6 |
-0.2 |
0.3 |
-- |
-- |
-0.1* |
0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.8 |
-- |
-- |
-0.2* |
3 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
-- |
-- |
0.5 |
7.6 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
-- |
-- |
8.1 |
5 |
10.3 |
9.9 |
11.5 |
-- |
-- |
10.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
7 |
8.5 |
8.1 |
10.2 |
-- |
-- |
9.0 |
10.9 |
10.7 |
10.9 |
-- |
-- |
10.9 |
10 |
8.9 |
8.8 |
12.0 |
-- |
-- |
9.9 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
14 |
9.3 |
9.1 |
10.7 |
-- |
-- |
9.7 |
11.8 |
12.7 |
11.5 |
-- |
-- |
12.0 |
21 |
12.3 |
10.6 |
9.0 |
-- |
-- |
10.6 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
28 |
10.9 |
8.8 |
4.0 |
13.3 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
15.1 |
10.5 |
11.4 |
14.1 |
13.7 |
13.0 |
Table 1 (continued): Inorganic Carbon Concentration (IC) in the Test Flasks
|
IC found in test flasks (IC in mg C/L) |
|||||||||
Time (days) |
Inoculum control |
Toxicity control1 |
||||||||
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
mean |
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
0 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
-- |
-- |
1.7 |
-0.3 |
0.7 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
3 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
-- |
-- |
1.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
5 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
-- |
-- |
1.8 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
7 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
-- |
-- |
1.9 |
12.2 |
12.3 |
12.5 |
12.4 |
10 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
-- |
-- |
2.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
14 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
-- |
-- |
2.7 |
14.1 |
17.0 |
18.1 |
16.4 |
21 |
2.7 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
-- |
-- |
2.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
28 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
23.5 |
16.5 |
26.4 |
22.1 |
1: Corrected for the mean inoculum control.
* Negative value due to a higher amount of IC produced in the inoculum control.
--: No samples taken.
n.a.: Not applicable.
Table 2: Percentage Biodegradation of the Test Item and the Reference Item 1-Octanol during the Incubation Period
|
% Degradation |
|||||||||||
Time (days) |
Test item |
Reference item |
||||||||||
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
mean |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
mean |
|
0 |
-3.4 |
-1.0 |
2.0 |
-- |
-- |
-0.8* |
0.9 |
0.9 |
-4.9 |
-- |
-- |
-1.1* |
3 |
3.4 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
-- |
-- |
3.2 |
48.9 |
54.0 |
54.0 |
-- |
-- |
52.3 |
5 |
62.3 |
59.8 |
69.5 |
-- |
-- |
63.9 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
7 |
51.7 |
49.3 |
62.1 |
-- |
-- |
54.4 |
70.6 |
69.3 |
70.6 |
-- |
-- |
70.2 |
10 |
54.2 |
53.6 |
73.0 |
-- |
-- |
60.2 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
14 |
56.4 |
55.2 |
64.9 |
-- |
-- |
58.8 |
76.2 |
82.0 |
74.2 |
-- |
-- |
77.5 |
21 |
74.4 |
64.1 |
54.4 |
-- |
-- |
64.3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
28 |
66.1 |
53.4 |
24.3 |
80.7 |
55.8 |
56.0 |
97.5 |
67.8 |
73.6 |
91.0 |
88.4 |
83.7 |
Table 2 (continued):
|
% Degradation |
|||
Time (days) |
Toxicity control1 |
|||
Replicate No. |
||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
mean |
|
0 |
-1.7 |
4.7 |
-0.4 |
0.9 |
3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
7 |
79.0 |
79.6 |
80.9 |
79.8 |
10 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
14 |
91.0 |
109.8 |
116.9 |
105.9 |
21 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
n.a. |
28 |
151.7 |
106.5 |
170.4 |
142.9 |
1: Based on the added TOC from the reference item only.
* Negative value due to a higher amount of IC produced in the inoculum control.
--: No samples taken.
n.a.: Not applicable.
Description of key information
Readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria (64 % degradation after 21 d, OECD 310).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the biodegradability of the substance. The study was performed according to OECD 310 (GLP). Non-adapted, domestic activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant was used as inoculum. The test item was found to be readily biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days. At the end of the 28-day exposure period, the mean percentage biodegradation of the five test item bottles sampled was 56 % with a 95 % confidence interval of ± 18 %. The maximum mean level of biodegradation, denominated according to the guidelines as the degree of biodegradation of the test item, was reached on Day 21 (64 %).
The pass level for ready biodegradability (IC production of at least 60 % of ThIC in a 10 -day window within the 28-day test period) was reached on Exposure Day 5 (64 %). Thus, the test substance is considered to be “readily biodegradable” according to the OECD criteria. A toxicity control, containing both the reference substance and the test substance, had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms (106 % degradation by Exposure Day 14) at the tested concentration of 16.5 mg/L. The validity criteria of the test were met.
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