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EC number: 279-979-3 | CAS number: 82493-14-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: According to OECD guideloine and GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The limit test item concentration and control were analytically verified via UPLC-MS/MS after 0 hours (test start) and 72 hours (test end).
- Sampling method: Samples at test start were taken from additional replicates without algae. After 72 hours samples were taken directly from pooled test replicates.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 100 mg/L was freshly prepared with dilution water.
- Eluate: DIlution water
- Differential loading: None, saturated solution corresponding to a geometric mean measured test item concentration of 36.4 µg/L.
- Controls: Six replicates withou test item were tested under the same test conditions as the test replicates. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitaet Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35 - 70 µE x m-2 x s-1 for 24 h per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Dilution water: 0.24 mmol Ca+mg/L.
- Test temperature:
- min.: 21.0 max.: 22.5, mean value: 21.8
- pH:
- Geometric mean measured test item concentration pH-value
[µg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
36.4 7.47 7.84
Control 7.45 7.95 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 103 cells/mL, Actual: mean 4876 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 819255 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water, composition acc. to the guideline
- Hardness: 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- pH-value: 8.1 +/- 0.2
- Culture medium: Nutrient Medium Z acc. to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE x m-2 x s-1, mean value: 69.2
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] fluorimeter, Cell density and self fluorescence was measured daily via Chlorophyll-a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as background signal.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study:
Results of the Range Finding Test (0-72 hours)
Saturated solution
[%] Specific Growth Rate Inhibition[%] Yield Inhibition[%]
100 -3 -16
10 1 6
1 5 21
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 36.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Rate-related inhibition
ErC50 0.488 0.699 ± 0.471
95 % confidence interval 0.466 – 0.512
Yield inhibition
EyC50 0.291 0.318 ± 0.147
95 % confidence interval 0.274 – 0.328
SD = Standard deviation
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC/LOEC was determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rates and yield. t-test was used for NOEC/LOEC calculation. When running a t-test a Normality test and an Equal Variance test was done first. The SHAPIRO-WILK-Test was used to test for normally distributed populations. The Levene median test was used for equal variance. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance test were 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a = 0.05. Normality test failed for both calculations of growth rate and yield. No transformation was found to pass Normality test.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study no inhibition on the growth of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was found after 72 hours exposure to the test item. The NOEC for inhibition of specific growth rate and yield after 72 hours was 36.4 µg/L.
All effect levels are given based on the geometric mean measured test item concentration of Hostavin 3206 (impoverished of xylene) which has been analytically verified by UPLC-MS/MS. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 4876 cells/mL. Based on a preliminary range finding the saturated solution* was tested. Six replicates were tested for the limit concentration and the control. Environmental conditions were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
The saturated solution* and the control were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS after (fresh media) and 72 h (old media).
The initially measured concentration (fresh media, 0 h) of the test item in the freshly prepared saturated solution* was 40.9 µg/L, representing the maximum solubility of the test item under test conditions. The recovery rate of the test item in the old media (72 h) was 79 % of the initially measured concentration, demonstrating that the concentration of the test item had decreased for the duration of the test. All effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentration
NOEC, LOEC, EC - values of the test item (0-72 hours)
based on geometric mean measured test item concentrations [µg/L]
Inhibition of Growth Rate
NOEC
36.4
LOEC
> 36.4
ErC10
> 36.4
ErC20
> 36.4
ErC50
> 36.4
Inhibition of Yield
NOEC
36.4
LOEC
> 36.4
EyC10
> 36.4
EyC20
> 36.4
EyC50
> 36.4
Reference
NOEC, LOEC, EC - values of Test item (0-72 hours)
based on geometric mean measured test item concentrations [µg/L]
Inhibition of Growth Rate |
|
NOEC |
36.4 |
LOEC |
> 36.4 |
ErC10 |
> 36.4 |
ErC20 |
> 36.4 |
ErC50 |
> 36.4 |
Inhibition of Yield |
|
NOEC |
36.4 |
LOEC |
> 36.4 |
EyC10 |
> 36.4 |
EyC20 |
> 36.4 |
EyC50 |
> 36.4 |
Cell Densities
|
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
||||||
[µg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
|||
36.4 |
1 |
4876 |
28364 |
178584 |
1022197 |
|
|||
2 |
4876 |
28344 |
177690 |
808129 |
|
||||
3 |
4876 |
29485 |
192225 |
876946 |
|
||||
4 |
4876 |
31749 |
186667 |
880298 |
|
||||
5 |
4876 |
24627 |
174390 |
879519 |
|
||||
6 |
4876 |
28259 |
170947 |
912150 |
|
||||
Mean |
4876 |
28471 |
180084 |
896540 |
|
||||
Control |
1 |
4876 |
21266 |
94751 |
528562 |
|
|||
2 |
4876 |
23717 |
156226 |
857043 |
|
||||
3 |
4876 |
28107 |
159320 |
902943 |
|
||||
4 |
4876 |
26320 |
173855 |
849494 |
|
||||
5 |
4876 |
27091 |
167701 |
879790 |
|
||||
6 |
4876 |
28263 |
175155 |
897696 |
|
||||
Mean |
4876 |
25794 |
154501 |
819255 |
|
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Growth rate inhibition |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
||
[µg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
36.4 |
1 |
1.78 |
-4.65 |
1017321 |
-24.9 |
||
2 |
1.70 |
-0.05 |
803253 |
1.37 |
|||
3 |
1.73 |
-1.65 |
872070 |
-7.08 |
|||
4 |
1.73 |
-1.72 |
875422 |
-7.50 |
|||
5 |
1.73 |
-1.71 |
874643 |
-7.40 |
|||
6 |
1.74 |
-2.42 |
907274 |
-11.4 |
|||
Mean |
(-) |
1.74 |
-2.03 |
(-) |
891664 |
-9.49 |
|
Control |
1 |
1.56 |
523686 |
||||
2 |
1.72 |
852167 |
|||||
3 |
1.74 |
898067 |
|||||
4 |
1.72 |
844618 |
|||||
5 |
1.73 |
874914 |
|||||
6 |
1.74 |
892820 |
|||||
Mean |
1.70 |
814379 |
Section-by-Section and Average
Specific Growth Rates of the Control Group
(0 – 72 hours)
Replicate No. |
Specific growth rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 h) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
|||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
1.47 |
1.49 |
1.72 |
1.56 |
0.136 |
8.73 |
6.25 |
2 |
1.58 |
1.89 |
1.70 |
1.72 |
0.153 |
8.86 |
||
3 |
1.75 |
1.74 |
1.74 |
1.74 |
0.0097 |
0.560 |
||
4 |
1.69 |
1.89 |
1.59 |
1.72 |
0.154 |
8.93 |
||
5 |
1.72 |
1.82 |
1.66 |
1.73 |
0.0840 |
4.85 |
||
6 |
1.76 |
1.82 |
1.63 |
1.74 |
0.0964 |
5.54 |
||
Mean |
1.70 |
|
||||||
SD ± |
0.07 |
|
||||||
CV [%] |
4.08 |
|
Description of key information
In this study no inhibition on the growth of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was found after 72 hours exposure to the test item. The NOEC for inhibition of specific growth rate and yield after 72 hours was 36.4 µg/L. (saturated solution)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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