3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

June - August 1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted prior to GLP similar to OECD guideline 414 on the registered substance itself. The method is to be considered scientifically reasonable with minor deficiencies in documentation.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1981

Report date:

1981

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

not applicable

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Test conducted prior to GLP implementation

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin

IUPAC Name:

N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

3-Methyl-thiazolidin-thion-2

IUPAC Name:

3-Methyl-thiazolidin-thion-2

Test material form:

other: amorph

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin; 3-Methyl-thiazolidin-thion-2
- Substance type: pure substance
- Lot/batch No.: 29 x 5070

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Long-Evans

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: BAYER AG, breeding FB 30 (in-house)
- Age at study initiation: 2.5 - 3.5 months (females), 3 - 6 months (males)
- Weight at study initiation: 192 - 254 g (females), 350 - 500 g (males)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: except for mating, dams were housed individually in Makrolon type II cages under conventional conditions; for mating two females and one male were housed over night in Makrolon type III cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): pelletted Altromin-R feed ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-23°C
- Humidity (%): ca. 60%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

polyethylene glycol

Remarks:

400 (Lutrol)

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.9%
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 ml/kg bw

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1 male / 2 females
- Length of cohabitation: 1 night
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 days, from gestation day 6-15

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Duration of test:

from mating to gestation day 20

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 5, 15, 45 mg/kg bw /day
Basis:
other: nominal amount

No. of animals per sex per dose:

25 females / dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

The structurally related substance Imidazolidinthion-2 (Ethylenthiourea, ETU) was similarly applied at a dose of 45 mg/kg bw/day as positive control.

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes

BODY WEIGHT: Yes

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day 20
- Organs examined: Uterus

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes / No / No data
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No data
- Number of corpora lutea: No data
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of resorptions: Yes

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes, a certain number was examined regarding thoracic and abdominal organs
- Skeletal examinations: Yes, a certain number was examined
- Head examinations: Yes: all per litter for external malformations and sceletal anomalies

Statistics:

Testing for statistically significant differences of treatment groups compared to control was performed using the following methods:
- Distribution-free WILCOXON rank-sum test (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U-Test) for body weight gain of females, number of implantations, resorptions, foetuses per litter, average weight of foetuses per litter and average placenta weight per litter
- Chi-Square-Test (YATES corrected) for number of needy forms as well as foetuses with bone alterations resp. malformations per litter
- Chi-Square-Test (dependent on expected frequencies), YATES corrected, or as so-called FISHER’s exact test, for the rate of inseminated and pregnant animals.
Calculations were performed in BAYER computing centre Leverkusen with an analysis program developed for embryotoxicity testing. As long as not noted otherwise, a difference is statistically significant if the probability value is below 5% (p < 0.05).

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:yes. Remark: slightly diminished body weight gain of dams

Details on maternal toxic effects:
See "Any other information on results incl. tables"

Effect levels (maternal animals)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

15 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

2

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

45 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects. Remark: no dose- or substance-related effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
See "Any other information on results incl. tables"

Effect levels (fetuses)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 45 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: teratogenicity

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 45 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: embryotoxicity

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Effects on the dams

 

Morbidity

 

Rats of the solvent control were all healthy and did not show any changes in appearance and behaviour during the whole course of the test.

In the treatment groups, the following individual observations were made:

 

Table 1: Individual observations in treatment groups

Number of females with
Group	Diarrhoea	Coryza	Bloody vagina	Accelerated Breathing	Slight ataxia	White urine with sediments	Abscess in uterus
Control	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5 mg/kg	5	-	-	-	-	-	-
15 mg/kg	1	2	-	-	-	-	-
45 mg/kg	1	-	1	1	1	1	-
45 mg/kg ETU	5	1	-	-	-	-	-

 

These individual observation do not allow any attribution to the applied substance or dose and are likely to be caused by infections

 

 

Mortality

 

None of the animals dies during the course of the study.

 

 

Body weight gain during pregnancy

 

The average changes in body weight are summarized in Table 2:

 

Table 2: Body weight gain of the dams

Group	Body weight gain / g
	During treatment	Total pregnancy
Control	62.8	149.7
5 mg/kg	62.4	152.4
15 mg/kg	57.8	143.7
45 mg/kg	44.0	133.3
45 mg/kg ETU	52.0	144.6

 

Body weight gain of pregnant rats is slightly reduced after gavage of either 45 mg/kg bw/day N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin or ETU

 

 

Results of insemination and impregnation

 

Of the inseminated rats the following number were impregnated resp. pregnant at the day of the caesarean section:

 

Table 3: Results of insemination and impregnation

Substance	Dose / mg/kg	Inseminated rats	Impregnated rats		Pregnant rats
			Total	%	Total	%
Control	n/a	25	23	92.0	23	100.0
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	5	25	23	92.0	23	100.0
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	15	25	22	88.0	22	100.0
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	45	25	24	96.0	24	100.0
ETU	45	25	25	100.0	25	100.0

 

The rates of impregnated and pregnant treated animals does not differ significantly from control. Slight differences are in the range or normal biological variations.

 

 

Effects on intrauterine development

 

Embryolethality

 

None of the tested substances resp. doses had an embryolethal effect. Slight differences in resorption rate are in the range or normal biological variations.

 

 

Embryotoxicity and growth retardation

 

Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin did not show any growth-retarding or embryotoxic effects up to highest dose tested. So-called needy forms, i.e. foetuses weighing < 3g on day 20 of pregnancy, were observed in the following numbers:

 

Table 4: Number of observed needy forms

Group	Dose	Number	Remarks
Control	n/a	10	In 3 litters
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	5 mg/kg bw/day	7	In 4 litters
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	15 mg/kg bw/day	0
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	45 mg/kg bw/day	14	In 5 litters
ETU	45 mg/kg bw/day	59	In 10 litters

 

It was noticed that needy forms mainly appeared in litters in which also malformations occurred, in both control and treated animals.

 

 

Teratogenicity

 

In both control and treated animals malformations occurred as set out in Table 5.

 

Table 5: Observed malformations

Group	Dam No.	Number of foetuses with malformations	Type of malformation
Control	2382	4	3x Telencephalonhypoplasia 3x Telencephalonhypoplasia  + brain ventricle dilatation  + shortening of phalanges
	2401	4	4x Telencephalonhypoplasia
	2452	4	4x Telencephalonhypoplasia
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin, 5 mg/kg	2430	3	3x Tail kink
	2495	4	3x Telencephalonhypoplasia 1x Telencephalonhypoplasia  + Microphthalmia
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin, 15 mg/kg	2494	1	1x Hydrops, Sternum dysplasia, dysplasia of all long bones, general abnormality of the extremities
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin, 45 mg/kg	2385	2	2x Telencephalonhypoplasia
	2431	3	3x Telencephalonhypoplasia
	2456	4	3x Telencephalonhypoplasia 1x Telencephalonhypoplasia  + Microphthalmia
	2479	3	3x Telencephalonhypoplasia

 

The in the groups treated with Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin observed Telencephalonhypoplasia are certainly not connected to the treatment as they were observed to the same extent in the control groups. This partial hypoplasia of the CNS is most probably a spontaneous mutation in this breeding line of FB30 rats. This was shown over a longer period also in other studies, but vanished after switching to another breeding line.

5 – 45 mg/kg bw/day Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin are, solved in Polyethylene glycol 400, and applied by gavage during gestation day 6 to 15 not teratogen in Long-Evans rats.

 

After gavage of 45 mg/kg bw/day ETU the percentage of foetuses with minor aberrations of ossification was doubled. All foetuses in this group were malformed. Malformations affect very uniformly the neurocranium, extremities as well as spine and tail. Here, there were observed hydrocephaly, encephalomeningoceles, meningoceles, asymmetries and changes in shape as well as partial agenesis of the spine, tail kink and, regarding extremities, besides misalignments and so-called cross-legged posture, also oligo-, ektro- and syndactyly. Further, approximately half of the foetuses showed malformations on the ribs (missing, floating, fused, shortened ribs and cusp formation). With minor occurrence there were hydromyelia in the spine and spina bifida, cleft palate, abnormities on the jaws, hydronephrosis and hydroureter as well as sporadic aplasia, ectopic testicles as well as cryptorchism and sporadic open eyes observed. The distribution of the malformations is shown in Table 6.

 

Table 6: Distribution of malformations

Group	Dose / mg/kg	Number of examined foetuses	Number of malformed foetuses		Number of pregnant rats	Number of dams with malformed foetuses
			n	%
Control	0	265	12	4.5	23	3
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	5	270	7	2.3	23	2
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	15	251	1	0.4	22	1
Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin	45	277	12	4.3	24	4
Imidazolidinthion	45	299	299	100	25	25

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The study was conducted prior to GLP similar to OECD guideline 414 on the registered substance itself. The method is to be considered scientifically reasonable with minor deficiencies in documentation. Hence, the results can be considered as sufficiently reliable to assess the developmental toxicity of N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin. There were no treatment-related effects in developmental parameters. The developmental NOAEL is ≥ 45 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested, where already slight maternal toxicity was observed. Hence, N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin does not need to be regarded as developmental toxicant.

Executive summary:

In a developmental toxicity study (equivalent to OECD 414) N-Methyl-2-thion-thiazolidin was administered to 25 inseminated female Long-Evans rats/dose by gavage at dose levels of 0, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg bw/day from days 6 through15 of gestation.

 

None of the animals died during the course of the study. After gavage of 45 mg/kg bw/day, a slightly diminished body weight gain of dams, and a tendency of growth retardation in foetuses was observed. 15 mg/kg bw/day were tolerated without any adverse effects.

 

The maternal LOAEL is 45 mg/kg bw/day, based on slightly diminished body weight gain of dams, and tendency of growth retardation in foetuses. The maternal NOAEL is 15 mg/kg bw/day.

 

There were no treatment-related effects in developmental parameters.

 

The developmental LOAEL could not be determined. The developmental NOAEL is ≥ 45 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.

 

The developmental toxicity study in the rat is classified as acceptable, and satisfies sufficiently the guideline requirements for a developmental toxicity study (OECD 414) in rats.