Allyl propionate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox version.3.3 and QMRF report has been attached.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Predicted data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary discriptors.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of the test material: 2-Propenyl Propanoate
- IUPAC name: 2-Propenyl Propanoate
- Molecular formula: C6H10O2
- Molecular weight: 114.143 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical State: Liquid
- Smiles: CCC(=O)OCC=C
- InChI: 1S/C6H10O2/c1-3-5-8-6(7)4-2/h3H,1,4-5H2,2H3

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

140.96 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Intoxication

Remarks on result:

other: not toxic

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: EC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and "k" )  and "l" )  and ("m" and ( not "n") )  )  and "o" )  and ("p" and "q" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters AND Vinyl/Allyl Esters by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Radical OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, non cyclic structure by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, without OH or NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Weak binder, NH2 group OR Weak binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules (GSH) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Highly reactive (GSH) OR Highly reactive (GSH) >> Acrylates (MA) OR Moderately reactive (GSH) OR Moderately reactive (GSH) >> Alkyl 2-alkenoates (MA) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 3 (unspecific reactivity) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Reactive unspecified by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Carcinogenicity (genotox and nongenotox) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Structural alert for nongenotoxic carcinogenicity OR Substituted n-alkylcarboxylic acids (Nongenotox) by Carcinogenicity (genotox and nongenotox) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Similarity boundary:Target: CCC(=O)OCC=C
Threshold=20%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.308

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 2.76

Conclusions:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the closest read across substances, the toxicity on invertebrate was predicted 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0). Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 140.96 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate, hence it can be considered to be “not Classified” as per the CLP classification criteria for aquatic environment.

Executive summary:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the closest read across substances, the toxicity on invertebrate was predicted 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0). Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 140.96 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate, hence it can be considered to be “not Classified” as per the CLP classification criteria for aquatic environment.

Description of key information

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the closest read across substances, the toxicity on invertebrate was predicted 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0). Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 140.96 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate, hence it can be considered to be “not Classified” as per the CLP classification criteria for aquatic environment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

140.96 mg/L

Additional information

Following studies include the predicted data and experimental study for the target chemical and structurally similar read across to conclude the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) toxicity towards aquatic invertebrate is summarized as follows:

 

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the closest read across substances, the toxicity on invertebrate was predicted 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0). Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 140.96 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. It was concluded that the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate, hence it can be considered to be“not Classified”as per the CLP classification criteria for aquatic environment.

 

Similar predicted data from Danish (Q)SAR Database for the target chemical is available done by Using three different models i.e, Battery, Leadscope and SciQSAR used within Danish QSAR database, the effective concentration(EC50) at 48 hrs for 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) in Daphnia magna is estimated to be 123.46 mg/L. On the basis of the estimated value it can be concluded that the 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) is not toxic to the aquatic algae.

 

The above predicted data is supported by the experimental study of structurally similar read across Ethyl propionate (CAS: 105-37-3) from publication Water Research 1989, suggests that the Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates test was carried out for 24 hr under static condition to study the effects of Ethyl propionate on aquatic invertebrate. The Effective concentration EC50 to 50% of Daphnia magna is 286 mg/l at 24 hr. Intoxication (Immobile) effect was measured. It can be concluded that the Ethyl propionate is not toxic to the aquatic environment.

 

Similar experimental study for the another structurally similar read acrossPentyl lactate (CAS: 6382-06-5) from publication, Chemosphere 1998 indicates that the Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates test was carried out for 48Hour(s) under static condition to study the effects of Pentyl lactate on aquatic invertebrate. The Effective concentration EC50 to 50% of Daphnia magna is 238 mg/l. Decreasing trend of Mobility was measured as effects. It can be concluded that the Pentyl lactate is not toxic to the aquatic environment.

 

Thus based on the effect concentrations which is in the range 123.46 mg/l to 286 mg/l give the conclusion that test substance 2-Propenyl Propanoate (CAS: 2408-20-0) was likely to be not toxic to aquatic invertebrate at environmentally relevant concentrations and applying weight of evidence approach it can be considered to be“not classified”as per the CLP classification criteria.