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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 241-806-4 | CAS number: 17852-98-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Barium bioavailability as the chloride, sulfate, or carbonate salt in the rat
- Author:
- McCauley PT, Washington IS
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Drug and chemical toxicolology, 6:209–217.
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Barium chloride
- EC Number:
- 233-788-1
- EC Name:
- Barium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 10361-37-2
- Molecular formula:
- BaCl2
- IUPAC Name:
- barium dichloride
- Reference substance name:
- Barium sulfate
- EC Number:
- 231-784-4
- EC Name:
- Barium sulfate
- Cas Number:
- 7727-43-7
- Molecular formula:
- Ba.H2O4S
- IUPAC Name:
- barium sulfate
- Reference substance name:
- Barium carbonate
- EC Number:
- 208-167-3
- EC Name:
- Barium carbonate
- Cas Number:
- 513-77-9
- Molecular formula:
- CH2O3.Ba
- IUPAC Name:
- barium carbonate
- Details on test material:
- 131Ba was purchased as 131Bariumoxide. Salts were prepared by dissolving the oxide in the respective acid.
Barium chloride and carbonate were soluble in water at 10 mg/L. Barium sulfate precipitated at 10 mg/L and was applied in an aqueous suspension.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 131Ba
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 grams were maintained on a diet of less than 1 mg Ba/kg of food for at least 1 month prior to experimentation.
Animals were fasted for 24h prior to dosing.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- single
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0.05 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 6
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- not required
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- Animals were sacrificed at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after intubation.
Blood was sampled by 0.2 ml capillary tube and eyes were placed in tared scintillation vials.
Results and discussion
Main ADME resultsopen allclose all
- Type:
- absorption
- Results:
- Barium was detected in blood as early as 15 minutes after application. Highest blood concentration were found after 15 minutes for the chloride and after 60 minutes for the sulfate and the carbonate.
- Type:
- distribution
- Results:
- After 24h, Barium was found in higher levels than in blood in eyes, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. Lower levels were found in liver. Other organs were not examined.
- Type:
- excretion
- Results:
- Barium was measurable in blood and organs at the last observation time point of 24h.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Rats were given 10.0 mg 131Ba/liter as sulfate, chloride or carbonate at pH 7.0. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after intubation.
When 131Ba2+ was administered, as chloride,131Ba in blood rose linearly for 10 minutes and then less rapidly until the highest number of counts was measured at 60 minutes. At 24 hours 131Ba2+ was still at 90% of peak levels. Five tissues were tested 24 hours after dosing for 131Ba. In decreasing order of 131Ba concentration they were heart, eye, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver 131Ba in the heart reached 8x that observed in blood 24 hours after dosing. In the eye, 131Ba increased linearly for one hour. Isotope concentrations in the eye eventually reached 2.5x that observed in blood. When 131Ba was administered as sulfate or carbonate, 131Ba in blood was respectively 85% or 45% of levels, of 131Ba from 131Ba given as chloride.
Initial uptake of 131Ba and deposition in the eye were not different when administered as chloride or sulfate.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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