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EC number: 204-246-1 | CAS number: 118-33-2
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Biodegradation in water
Biodegradation study was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid
(J. Ruff et.al, 1999). Test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available.Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur.Pseudomonas putidastrain S-313 was used as a test inoculum obtained from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.Sulfur was provided at 50µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30µM.Cultures were grown in screw-capped tubes on a roller at 30°C.Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days. Bacteria were removed by centrifugation and the protein content measured, and 100µl portions of the supernatant fluid were examined by HPLC. Substrates and products were determined by isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by ion-pair chromatography. The apparatus included a diode array detector. Chromatograms were initially evaluated with wavelength settings of 245 nm for the amino-naphthalenedisulfonates. Protein was assayed by a Lowry-type method.The percentage degradation of test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by usingPseudomonas putidastrain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -33 -2). If released in to the environment, 11.7% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.775%), indicates that 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -03 -2) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 87.6% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
Additional information
Biodegradation in water
Various experimental key and supporting studies for the target compound 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -33 -2) and supporting study for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:
In an experimental key study from peer reviewed journal (J. Ruff et.al, 1999), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 9 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS no. 118-33-2). Test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was purchased from TCI (Tokyo) at the highest purity available.Glassware was cleaned thoroughly and care taken to exclude extraneous sulfur. Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 was used as a test inoculum obtained from activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Konstanz, Germany (largely communal) and Ludwigshafen, Germany (largely industrial).Initial experiments were done with the phosphate-buffered medium. The sulfur-free acetate-Tris-buffered salts medium gave the same products with negligible background growth, and thus used as a standard medium.Sulfur was provided at 50µM, except for disulfonates, where the initial sulfonate concentration was 30µM.Cultures were grown in screw-capped tubes on a roller at 30°C.Samples were taken at 3-day intervals for 9 days. Bacteria were removed by centrifugation and the protein content measured, and 100µl portions of the supernatant fluid were examined by HPLC. Substrates and products were determined by isocratic reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or by ion-pair chromatography. The apparatus included a diode array detector. Chromatograms were initially evaluated with wavelength settings of 245 nm for the amino-naphthalenedisulfonates. Protein was assayed by a Lowry-type method.The percentage degradation of test chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by using Pseudomonas putida strain S-313 as an inoculum. Thus, based on percentage degradation, chemical 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
In an supporting study from peer reviewed journal (GREIM H. et. al, 1994) and secondary source, biodegradation experiment was conducted for 30 days under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid (CAS no. 118 -33 -2). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D "Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test". Initial test substance conc. used in the study were 3, 10 and 30 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 0% by BOD parameter in 30 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Another biodegradability of test substance 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid was estimated using the BIODEG linear and non-linear model (E. Rorije et. al, 1997). The models have been applied are Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Two models are fitted to the judgement of an evaluation of various different biodegradation rates of chemical. This include the one using linear regression and other using a form of non-linear fitting. These models used 36 fragments as descriptors with the molecular weight of the molecule as an added descriptor, and are fitted on the evaluated biodegradation data of a series of 295 compounds. The output of the models, x, is the number that should be interpreted as x < 0.5 (=0) (Chemical biodegrades slowly or not at all) or x > 0.5 (=1) (Chemical biodegrades fast), respectively. These tests typically produce ‘biodegradable’ (1) or ‘non-biodegradable’ (0) as a result. The application of the models has been automated, the BIODEG models are incorporated in the PC-based program. As the biodegradability prediction of chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid by the BIODEG models comes out to be 0, test chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid is estimated to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
For the read across chemical 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (CAS no. 117-62-4), biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 2-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (CAS no. 117-62-4). Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of substance 2 -aminonaphthalene-1,5 -disulfonic acid was determined to be 1, 5 and 0% by BOD, TOC removal and HPLC parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 2 -aminonaphthalene-1,5 -disulfonic acid is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
On the basis of above results for target chemical 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (from peer reviewed journal and secondary source) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database J-CHECK), it can be concluded that the test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -33 -2). If released in to the environment, 11.7% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.775%), indicates that 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (CAS No. 118 -03 -2) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 87.6% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 6-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
On the basis of available information, the test substance 6 -aminonaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonic acid can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
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