Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 701-116-0 | CAS number: 2156592-45-7
Toxicological Summary
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 6.08 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 456.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- see discussion
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8 covered by route-to-route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.86 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 259 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- see discussion
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Worker:
Based on the available data “(Z)-4-[C11-13 (branched) alkylamino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid”, has to be considered as irritating to the skin (Cat. 2 according to EC/1271/2008), as irritating to the eye (Cat. 2 according to EC/1271/2008) and potentially skin sensitizing (Cat. 1 according to EC/1271/2008), respectively. As no dose response information for these local effects exists, the use of protective gloves and appropriate eye protection is mandatory whenever a potential for relevant ocular or dermal exposure exists.
The primary routes of anticipated industrial and professional exposure are via inhalation and skin contact. In industrial settings, ingestion is not an anticipated route of exposure, but has to be considered for the general population (see below).
Dermal short-term and long-term exposure – local effects:
For the sensitization potential, a qualitative assessment was conducted:
Though sensitization reactions of the skin are generally regarded as threshold effect, deriving a threshold and setting a DNEL is very difficult in practice. No dose-response data of the tested substance are on-hand, which would support a quantitative determination of a DNEL as the available LLNA did not allow the calculation of an EC3 value and thus the derivation of a DNEL.
Based on the available LLNA, the test substance is a moderate to strong skin sensitizer.
Thus, the use of gloves is required in order to prevent any skin contact with the test substance and thus the occurrence of skin sensitization.
Inhalation long-term exposure – systemic effects:
The NOAEL from an oral OECD Guideline 414 study (BASF, 2022) was identified as the appropriate starting point for DNEL derivation for long-term systemic exposure following inhalation. The NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity and developmental toxicity of the test substance was 185 mg/kg bw/d for rats.
This point of departure was modified to get the corrected starting point for DNEL derivation. As a first step, route-to-route extrapolation was performed as recommended in the "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, R.8”:
The oral rat NOAEL was converted into the inhalative human NOAEC corrected for differences between the 8-hour standard inhalation volume of rats versus humans, and for differences between the 8-hour inhalation volume of workers in rest versus workers in light activity, by multiplying with the corresponding factors (x 1/0.38 m³/kg/d x 6.7 m³/10 m³). The NOAEC has to be further corrected for exposure on 7 days during the study in rats versus 5 days of exposure of the worker during the week by a factor of 7/5. The resulting corrected starting point for inhalation DNEL derivation for workers is equal to 456.6 mg/m³.
For DNEL derivation, the following assessment factors (AF) were applied to the corrected starting point:
- Remaining differences: 2.5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Intraspecies factor: 5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Exposure duration: 6
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Dose-response: 1
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
Total AF = 2.5 x 5 x 6 x 1 = 75
Based on this calculation the resulting DNEL is 6.08 mg/m³.
Dermal long-term exposure – systemic effects:
The NOAEL from an oral OECD Guideline 414 study (BASF, 2022) was identified as the appropriate starting point for DNEL derivation for long-term systemic exposure following dermal uptake The NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity and developmental toxicity of the test substance was 185 mg/kg bw/d for rats. The NOAEL has to be further corrected for exposure on 7 days during the study in rats versus 5 days of exposure of the worker during the week by a factor of 7/5. The resulting corrected starting point for inhalation DNEL derivation for workers is equal to 259 mg/kg bw/d.
There is no data available indicating that dermal uptake is considerably lower than oral uptake. The oral systemic long-term NOAEL was therefore considered appropriate for derivation of a dermal systemic long-term DNEL without further correction.
- Interspecies factor: 4
Recommended for the rat in REACh Guidance document R.8 for allometric scaling
- Remaining differences: 2.5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Intraspecies factor: 5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Exposure duration: 6
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Dose-response: 1
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
Total AF = 4 x 2.5 x 5 x 2 x 1 = 300
Based on this calculation the resulting DNEL is 0.86 mg/kg bw/day.
Literature:
-ECHA (2012). REACh Guidance document R.8
-ECETOC (2003). Derivation of Assessment factors for Human Health Risk Assessment. Technical Report No. 86, February 2003.
-ECETOC (2010). Guidance on Assessment Factors to Derive DNELs.Technical Report No. 110, October 2010.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.07 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 160.86 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- see discussion
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8: covered by route-to-route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- see discussion
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 185 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- see discussion
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 0
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- ECHA Guidance R8
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Consumer
Based on the available data “(Z)-4-[C11-13 (branched) alkylamino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid”, has to be considered as irritating to the skin (Cat. 2 according to EC/1271/2008), as irritating to the eye (Cat. 2 according to EC/1271/2008) and potentially skin sensitizing (Cat. 1 according to EC/1271/2008), respectively. As no dose response information for these local effects exists, the use of protective gloves and appropriate eye protection is mandatory whenever a potential for relevant ocular or dermal exposure exists.
For the general population, all three possible routes of exposure (oral, dermal, inhalation) have to be taken into account.
Dermal short-term and long-term exposure – local effects:
For the sensitization potential, a qualitative assessment was conducted:
Though sensitization reactions of the skin are generally regarded as threshold effect, deriving a threshold and setting a DNEL is very difficult in practice. No dose-response data of the tested substance are on-hand, which would support a quantitative determination of a DNEL as the available LLNA did not allow the calculation of an EC3 value and thus the derivation of a DNEL.
Based on the available LLNA, the test substance is a moderate to strong skin sensitizer.
Thus, the use of gloves is required in order to prevent any skin contact with the test substance and thus the occurrence of skin sensitization.
Inhalation long-term exposure – systemic effects:
The NOAEL from an oral OECD Guideline 414 study (BASF, 2022) was identified as the appropriate starting point for DNEL derivation for long-term systemic exposure following inhalation. The NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity and developmental toxicity of the test substance was 185 mg/kg bw/d for rats.
This point of departure was modified to get the correct starting point for DNEL derivation. As a first step, route-to-route extrapolation was performed as recommended in the "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, R.8”:
The oral rat NOAEL was converted into the inhalative human NOAEC corrected for differences between the 24-hour standard inhalation volume of rats versus humans by multiplying with the corresponding factor (x 1/1.15 m³/kg/d). The resulting corrected starting point for inhalation DNEL derivation for the general population is equal to 160.86 mg/m³.
For DNEL derivation, the following assessment factors (AF) were applied to the corrected starting point:
- Remaining differences: 2.5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Intraspecies factor: 10
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Exposure duration: 6
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Dose-response: 1
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
Total AF = 2.5 x 10 x 2 x 1 = 150
Based on this calculation the resulting DNEL is 1.07 mg/m³.
Dermal long-term exposure – systemic effects:
The NOAEL from an oral OECD Guideline 414 study (BASF, 2022) was identified as the appropriate starting point for DNEL derivation for long-term systemic exposure following inhalation. The NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity and developmental toxicity of the test substance was 185 mg/kg bw/d for rats.
There is no data available indicating that dermal uptake is considerably lower than oral uptake. The oral systemic long-term NOAEL was therefore considered appropriate for derivation of a dermal systemic long-term DNEL without further correction.
For DNEL derivation, the following assessment factors (AF) were applied to the corrected starting point:
- Interspecies factor: 4
Recommended for the rat in REACh Guidance document R.8 for allometric scaling
- Remaining differences: 2.5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Intraspecies factor: 10
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Exposure duration: 6
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Dose-response: 1
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
Total AF = 4 x 2.5 x 10 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 600
Based on this calculation the resulting DNEL is 0.3 mg/kg bw/day.
Oral long-term exposure – systemic effects:
The NOAEL from an oral OECD Guideline 414 study (BASF, 2022) was identified as the appropriate starting point for DNEL derivation for long-term systemic exposure following inhalation. The NOAEL for general, systemic toxicity and developmental toxicity of the test substance was 185 mg/kg bw/d for rats.
Subsequently, the following assessment factors are taken into account for the final DNEL calculation for the oral route: interspecies differences (4), remaining differences (2.5), intraspecies differences (10), exposure duration (2) (AF = 4 x 2.5 x 10 x 6 x 1 = 600).
As a consequence, the resulting DNEL for long-term oral local and systemic effects is 0.3 mg/kg bw/d for the general population.
For DNEL derivation, the following assessment factors (AF) were applied to the corrected starting point:
- Interspecies factor: 4
Recommended for the rat in REACh Guidance document R.8 for allometric scaling
- Remaining differences: 2.5
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Intraspecies factor: 10
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Exposure duration: 6
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
- Dose-response: 1
Recommended in REACh Guidance document R.8
Literature:
-ECHA (2012). REACh Guidance document R.8
-ECETOC (2003). Derivation of Assessment factors for Human Health Risk Assessment. Technical Report No. 86, February 2003.
-ECETOC (2010). Guidance on Assessment Factors to Derive DNELs.Technical Report No. 110, October 2010.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
