Reaction products of N6,N6'-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N2,N4-dibutyl-N2,N4,N6-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine] and allylbromide, subsequently reacted with ethaneperoxoic acid, hydrogenated

Acute Toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2016-2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

29 Jul 2016

Deviations:

no

Remarks:

including 14-day recovery

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Physical state/ appearance: solid / rose
Storage conditions: room temperature
Homogeneity: given visual

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Wistar Rat, Crl:WI(Han)
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH
- Age at study initiation: 12 - 13 weeks (males), 10 - 11 weeks (females)
- Weight at study initiation: 215 - 218 g (females) and 407 -413 g (males)
- Housing: The rats were housed individually in Makrolon type M III cages supplied by Becker & Co., Castrop-Rauxel, Germany (floor area of about 800 cm²). Pregnant animals and their litters were housed together until day of parturation (PND) 4 (end of lactation).
- Diet: ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse-rat “GLP”, meal, Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland, ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 6 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12

In-life phase 27 April 2016 - 29 July 2016

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Remarks:

0.5% in water

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The test material was applied as a suspension. To prepare this suspension, the appropriate amount of test substance was weighed out depending on the desired concentration. Then, 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water was filled up to the desired volume and intensely mixed with a homogenizer. During administration, the preparations was kept homogeneous with a magnetic stirrer. The test substance preparations were produced weekly, at least.
- The administration volume was 10 ml/kg bw.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The concentration and homogeneity control of the test substance preparations was performed via total nitrogen determination (Kjeldahl).
The stability of the test substance in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water was demonstrated over a period of 7 days at room temperature.
Considering the low relative deviation of results within the three samples of one test substance preparation in the homogeneity analysis, it can be concluded that the test material was distributed homogeneously in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water.

The concentrations of the test material in 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose suspension in drinking water were found to be in the range of 78 to 91% of the nominal concentrations. The analytical method used the solid test material as standard to assess the concentration in the frozen aqueous formulations. Spiked controls to assess the influence on test material storage and loss via absorption were not included. The determined rangeis partially below the strict specification of the test facility (90-110%), but the overall average of 84% was within generally accepted specification for concentration analysis in complex matrixes like the diet (80-120%). The authors assessed the overall accuracy of the prepared concentrations as given.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

28 days (males)
up to 63 days (females)

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

analytically verified 840 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Based on a 14-day range-finding study
14-day recovery group included for high dose and control group (each 5 animals per sex and dose group)

Estrous cycle determination prior to treatment was performed in a pool of up to 60 non­ randomized female animals. Only animals with regular estrous cycle were selected for randomization before the start of the treatment period.
Females are nulliparous and non­ pregnant at the beginning of the study.

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily for any signs of morbidity, pertinent behavioral changes and signs of overt toxicity; a check for moribund and dead animals was made twice daily on working days and once daily on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior to the administration period and thereafter at weekly intervals. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable. Thereby, the following parameters were examined:
1. abnormal behavior during “handling”
2. fur
3. skin
4. posture
5. salivation
6. respiration
7. activity/arousal level
8. tremors
9. convulsions
10. abnormal movements
11. impairment of gait
12. lacrimation
13. palpebral closure
14. exophthalmus
15. feces (appearance/consistency)
16. urine
17. pupil size

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: before the start of the administration period in order to randomize the animals; during the administration period on study day 0 (start of the administration period) and thereafter once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning).
The following exceptions are notable for the female animals:
• During the mating period the parental females were weighed on the day of positive evidence of sperm (GD 0) and on GD 7, 14 and 20.
• Females with litter were weighed on the day of parturition (PND 0) and on PND 4.
• Females without a litter and without positive evidence of sperm in the vaginal smear were weighed weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE:
- Generally, food consumption was determined once a week for male and female parental animals, with the following exceptions:
• Food consumption was not determined during the mating period (male and female F0 animals).
• Food consumption of the F0 females with evidence of sperm was determined on GD 0, 7, 14 and 20.
• Food consumption of F0 females, which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 4.
Food consumption was not determined in females without positive evidence of sperm (during the mating period of dams used in parallel) and females without litter (during the lactation period of dams used in parallel) and in males after the premating period.

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: in the morning from the retroorbital venous plexus
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, isoflurane (Isoba®, Essex GmbH Munich, Germany).
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: first five parental males and females per group.
- Parameters checked:
• in blood with EDTA-K3 as anticoagulant using a particle counter (Advia 120 model; Bayer, Fernwald, Germany):
Parameter / Unit / Method / Reference (Operator’s Guide for Advia 120 System)
- Leukocyte count (WBC) / giga/L / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry
- Erythrocyte count (RBC) / tera/L / flow cytometric laserlight scattering
- Hemoglobin (HGB) / mmol/L / cyanmethemoglobin method; according to ICSH
- Hematocrit (HCT) / L/L calculation: MCV x erythrocytes
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) / fl / RBC/PLT method; mean of RBC volume distribution curve (histogram)
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) / fmol / calculation: hemoglobin, erythrocytes
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) / mmoL/L calculation: hemoglobin, hematocrit
- Platelet count (PLT) / giga/L / flow cytometric laserlight scattering
- Differential blood count / % and giga/L / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry
- Reticulocytes / % / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry

• Clotting tests were carried out using a ball coagulometer (AMAX destiny plus model; Trinity biotech, Lemgo, Germany).
Parameter / Unit / Method / Reference
- Prothrombin time (Hepato Quick’s test) (HQT) / seconds / citrated blood with calcium thromboplastin / Fischer, M. and Falkensammer, Ch.,
Klin. Wschr. 86, 577-583 (1974)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: in the morning from the retroorbital venous plexus
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: first five parental males and females per group.
- Parameters checked:
An automatic analyzer (Hitachi 917; Roche, Mannheim, Germany) was used to examine the clinicochemical parameters.
References (ALT, AST, ALP): Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry: "Standardization of methods for determining enzyme activities in biological liquids". J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 8, 658-660 (1970); J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 9, 464-465 (1971); J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 10, 182-192 (1972); Roche working instructions

• Enzyme (systematic name and system number) / Unit / Method, wavelength and measuring temperature
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT); EC 2.6.1.2. / μkat/L / kinetic UV test, 340 nm; 37°C /
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST); EC 2.6.1.1. / μkat/L / kinetic UV test, 340 nm; 37°C /
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP); EC 3.1.3.1. / μkat/L / kinetic color test, 415 nm, 37°C
- γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT); EC 2.3.2.2. / nkat/L / kinetic color test, 415 nm, 37°C / Szasz, G. et al., J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 12, 228 (1974); Roche working instructions

• Blood Chemistry Parameter / Unit / Method / References
- Sodium (NA) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Potassium (K) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Chloride (CL) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Inorganic phosphate (INP) / mmol/L / molybdate reaction Henry, R.J. in: "Clinical Chemistry", Harper and Row Publishers, New York (1974);
Roche working instructions
- Calcium (CA) / mmoL/L / o-cresolphthalein complex without deproteinization / Ray Sarkar, B.C. and Chauhan, U.P.S., Anal. Biochem. 20, 155 (1967); Roche working instructions
- Urea (UREA) / mmoL/L / enzymatic determination with the urease/ glutamate dehydrogenase method / Neumann, U. and Ziegenhorn, J.: XVI,
Nordiska kongressen for klinisk kemi och klinisk fysiologi 1977, Oulu, Finland; Roche working instructions
- Creatinine (CREA) / μmoL/L / kinetic Jaffé method without deproteinization / Bartels, H. et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 37, 193 (1972); Roche working instructions
- Glucose (GLUC) / mmoL/L / hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method / Schmidt, F.H., Klin. Wschr. 39, 1244-1247 (1961); Roche working instructions
- Total bilirubin (TBIL) / μmoL/L / DPD method Wahlefeld, A.W. et al., Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 29, Suppl. 126 (1972) Abstract 11.12; Roche working instructions
- Total protein (TPROT) / g/L / biuret method Weichselbaum, T.E., Amer. J. Clin. Path. 10, 40 (1946); Roche working instructions
- Albumin (ALB) / g/L bromocresol green method Doumas et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 31, 87 (1971); Roche working instructions
- Globulins (GLOB) / g/L / difference between total protein and albumin
- Triglycerides (TRIG) / mmoL/L / enzymatic color test with lipase esterase/ glycerokinase/ glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase/4-aminophenazone
mod. method by Wahlefeld, A.W., in "Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse" [Methods of enzymatic analysis] (Bergmeyer, H.U., ed.) Vol. II, 3rd ed.,
Verlag Chemie Weinheim, GERMANY, pp. 1878-1882 (1974); Roche working instructions
- Cholesterol (CHOL) / mmoL/L / enzymatic determination with cholesterol esterase/ cholesterol oxidase/4-amino-phenazone (CHOD-PAP method)
Siedel, J. et al., J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 19, 838 (1981); Roche working instructions
- Magnesium (MG) / mmoL/L / xylidylblue method Mann, C.K. and Yoe, J.H., Anal. Chem. 28, 202-205 (1956); Bohnon, C., Clin. Chim. Acta 7, 811-817
(1962)

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: overnight
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters checked:
The dry chemical reactions on test strips (Combur-10-test M, Roche, Mannheim, Germany) used to determine urine constituents semiquantitatively were evaluated with a reflection photometer (Miditron M; Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
Parameter / Method / References
- pH / methyl red and bromothymol blue / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Protein / tetrabromophenol-phthaleinethylester (TBPE) / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Glucose / GOD-POD reaction / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Ketones / sodium nitroprusside / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Urobilinogen / p-methoxyaniline-diazonium-salt / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Bilirubin / 2,5-dichloroaniline diazonium salt / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Blood / 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, tetramethylbenzidine / Test strip book by Roche, Mannheim, GERMANY (1977)
- Specific gravity / refractometer / Hamilton or Atago operating instructions
- Sediment / microscopy / Hallmann, L., [Clinical Chemistry and Microscopy] 10, ed., 233-246, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany (1966)
- Color, turbidity / by visual evaluation
- Volume / graduated tubes

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations:
- Dose groups that were examined: A functional observational battery (FOB) was performed in the first five parental males and females (with litter) per group

- Battery of functions tested:
• passive observations without disturbing the animals, followed by removal from the home cage, open field observations in a standard arena and sensorimotor tests as well as reflex tests. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable. The observations were performed at random.
• Home cage observations:
1. posture
2. tremor
3. convulsions
4. abnormal movements
5. impairment of gait
6. other findings
• Open field observations:
1. behavior when removed from cage
2. fur
3. skin
4. salivation
5. nose discharge
6. lacrimation
7. eyes/pupil size
8. posture
9. palpebral closure
10. respiration
11. tremors
12. convulsions
13. abnormal movements
14. impairment of gait
15. activity/arousal level
16. feces (number of fecal pellets/appearance/consistency) within two minutes
17. urine (appearance/quantity) within two minutes
18. number of rearings within two minutes
• Sensorimotor tests/reflexes:
1. approach response
2. touch response
3. vision ("visual placing response")
4. pupillary reflex
5. pinna reflex
6. audition ("startle response")
7. coordination of movements ("righting response")
8. behavior during "handling"
9. vocalization
10. pain perception ("tail pinch")
11. grip strength of forelimbs
12. grip strength of hindlimbs
13. landing foot-splay test
14. other findings
• Motor activity assessment
- carried out in the first five parental males and females (with litter) per group at the end of the administration period.
- measured on the same day as FOB was performed.
- examinations were performed using the TSE Labmaster System supplied by TSE Systems GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
The animals did not receive any food or water during the measurements.

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
All animals were sacrificed by decapitation under Isoflurane anesthesia. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology.
- Weight parameters (determined on all animals):
1. Anesthetized animals
2. Epididymides
3. Testes
- The following weights were determined in 5 animals/sex and test group (females with litters, same animals as used for clinical pathology examinations):
1. Adrenal glands
2. Brain
3. Heart
4. Kidneys
5. Liver
6. Spleen
7. Thymus

- Organ / Tissue preservation
The following organs / tissues were preserved in neutral-buffered 4% formaldehyde or in modified Davidson’s solution:
1. Adrenal glands
2. All gross lesions
3. Aorta
4. Bone marrow (femur)
5. Brain
6. Cecum
7. Cervix
8. Coagulating glands
9. Colon
10. Duodenum
11. Eyes with optic nerve (modified Davidson’s solution)
12. Esophagus
13. Extraorbital lacrimal gland
14. Epididymides (modified Davidson’s solution)
15. Femur with knee joint
16. Heart
17. Ileum
18. Jejunum (with Peyer’s patches)
19. Kidneys
20. Larynx
21. Liver
22. Lungs
23. Lymph nodes (axillary and mesenteric)
24. Mammary gland (male and female)
25. Nose (nasal cavity)
26. Ovaries (modified Davidson’s solution)
27. Oviducts
28. Pancreas
29. Parathyroid glands
30. Pharynx
31. Pituitary gland
32. Prostate gland
33. Rectum
34. Salivary glands (mandibular and sublingual)
35. Sciatic nerve
36. Seminal vesicles
37. Skeletal muscle
38. Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord)
39. Spleen
40. Sternum with marrow
41. Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach)
42. Target organs
43. Testes (modified Davidson’s solution)
44. Thymus
45. Thyroid glands
46. Trachea
47. Urinary bladder
48. Uterus
49. Vagina

From the liver, each one slices of the lobus dexter medialis and the lobus sinister lateralis were fixed in Carnoy’s solution and embedded in paraplast.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Organ samples / Methods-Scope of examinations / Test group
1. All gross lesions: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), all affected animals per group, all treatment groups
2. Adrenal glands: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
3. Bone marrow (femur): Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
4. Brain: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
5. Cecum: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
6. Cervix: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), all affected animals per group, control and high dose group
7. Coagulation glands: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), all affected animals per group, control and high dose group
8. Colon: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
9. Duodenum: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
10. Epididymides: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), all affected animals per group
11. Heart: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
12. Ileum: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
13. Jejunum: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
14. Kidneys: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
15. Liver: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group; low and mid dose group: embedded in paraplast all animals per group.
16. Lung: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
17. Lymph nodes (mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes): Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
18. Ovaries: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
19. Oviducts: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
20. Peyer’s patches Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
21. Prostate: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
22. Rectum: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
23. Sciatic nerve: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
24. Seminal vesicles: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
25. Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar cords): Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
26. Spleen: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
27. Stomach (forestomach and glandular stomach): Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
28. Testes: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
29. Thymus: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
30. Thyroid glands: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
31. Trachea: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
32. Urinary bladder: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), 5 animals per sex per group, control and high dose group
33. Uterus: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group
34. Vagina: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), control and high dose group, all animals per group

Other examinations:

Investigations regarding reproductive toxicity/developmental toxicity are described in the respective endpoint study record(s).

Statistics:

Food consumption, body weight and body weight change: DUNNETT-test (two-sided);
Feces, rearing, grip strength of forelimbs and hindlimbs, landing foot-splay test, motor activity; clinical pathology parameters (except for urine color and turbidity), pathology (weight parameters): Non-parametric one-way analysis using KRUSKALWALLIS test (two-sided). If the resulting p-value was equal or less than 0.05, a pairwise comparison of each dose group with the control group was performed using WILCOXON-test (two-sided) for the equal medians.

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Immunological findings:

no effects observed

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Neuropathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

nominal (analytically determined: average 840 mg/kg bw)

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: absence of adverse effects

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Critical effects observed:

no

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2014-2015

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Dose-range finding study with limited parameters

Principles of method if other than guideline:

14-day Dose-range finding study

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Wistar Rat, Crl:WI(Han)
- Weight at study initiation: average 234g (females) and 393g (males)
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 6 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Remarks:

0.5% in water

Duration of treatment / exposure:

14 days

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

4

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: Considerations on chemical structure and knowledge on related substances.

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least once daily for any signs of morbidity, pertinent behavioral changes and signs of overt toxicity; a check for moribund and dead animals was made twice daily on working days and once daily on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior to the administration period and thereafter at weekly intervals. The findings were ranked according to the degree of severity, if applicable. Thereby, the following parameters were examined:
1. abnormal behavior during “handling”
2. fur
3. skin
4. posture
5. salivation
6. respiration
7. activity/arousal level
8. tremors
9. convulsions
10. abnormal movements
11. impairment of gait
12. lacrimation
13. palpebral closure
14. exophthalmus
15. feces (appearance/consistency)
16. urine
17. pupil size

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: before the start of the administration period in order to randomize the animals; during the administration period on study day 0 (start of the administration period) and thereafter once a week at the same time of the day (in the morning).
The following exceptions are notable for the female animals:
• During the mating period the parental females were weighed on the day of positive evidence of sperm (GD 0) and on GD 7, 14 and 20.
• Females with litter were weighed on the day of parturition (PND 0) and on PND 4.
• Females without a litter and without positive evidence of sperm in the vaginal smear were weighed weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE:
- Generally, food consumption was determined once a week for male and female parental animals, with the following exceptions:
• Food consumption was not determined during the mating period (male and female F0 animals).
• Food consumption of the F0 females with evidence of sperm was determined on GD 0, 7, 14 and 20.
• Food consumption of F0 females, which gave birth to a litter was determined for PND 4.
Food consumption was not determined in females without positive evidence of sperm (during the mating period of dams used in parallel) and females without litter (during the lactation period of dams used in parallel) and in males after the premating period.

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: in the morning from the retroorbital venous plexus
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, isoflurane (Isoba®, Essex GmbH Munich, Germany).
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: first five parental males and females per group.
- Parameters checked:
• in blood with EDTA-K3 as anticoagulant using a particle counter (Advia 120 model; Bayer, Fernwald, Germany):
Parameter / Unit / Method / Reference (Operator’s Guide for Advia 120 System)
- Leukocyte count (WBC) / giga/L / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry
- Erythrocyte count (RBC) / tera/L / flow cytometric laserlight scattering
- Hemoglobin (HGB) / mmol/L / cyanmethemoglobin method; according to ICSH
- Hematocrit (HCT) / L/L calculation: MCV x erythrocytes
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) / fl / RBC/PLT method; mean of RBC volume distribution curve (histogram)
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) / fmol / calculation: hemoglobin, erythrocytes
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) / mmoL/L calculation: hemoglobin, hematocrit
- Platelet count (PLT) / giga/L / flow cytometric laserlight scattering
- Differential blood count / % and giga/L / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry
- Reticulocytes / % / cytochemistry coupled with flow cytometry

• Clotting tests were carried out using a ball coagulometer (AMAX destiny plus model; Trinity biotech, Lemgo, Germany).
Parameter / Unit / Method / Reference
- Prothrombin time (Hepato Quick’s test) (HQT) / seconds / citrated blood with calcium thromboplastin / Fischer, M. and Falkensammer, Ch.,
Klin. Wschr. 86, 577-583 (1974)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: in the morning from the retroorbital venous plexus
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: first five parental males and females per group.
- Parameters checked:
An automatic analyzer (Hitachi 917; Roche, Mannheim, Germany) was used to examine the clinicochemical parameters.
References (ALT, AST, ALP): Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry: "Standardization of methods for determining enzyme activities in biological liquids". J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 8, 658-660 (1970); J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 9, 464-465 (1971); J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 10, 182-192 (1972); Roche working instructions

• Enzyme (systematic name and system number) / Unit / Method, wavelength and measuring temperature
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT); EC 2.6.1.2. / μkat/L / kinetic UV test, 340 nm; 37°C /
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST); EC 2.6.1.1. / μkat/L / kinetic UV test, 340 nm; 37°C /
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP); EC 3.1.3.1. / μkat/L / kinetic color test, 415 nm, 37°C
- γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT); EC 2.3.2.2. / nkat/L / kinetic color test, 415 nm, 37°C / Szasz, G. et al., J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 12, 228 (1974); Roche working instructions

• Blood Chemistry Parameter / Unit / Method / References
- Sodium (NA) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Potassium (K) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Chloride (CL) / mmol/L / ion selective electrodes (ISE) / Hitachi 917 - working instructions
- Inorganic phosphate (INP) / mmol/L / molybdate reaction Henry, R.J. in: "Clinical Chemistry", Harper and Row Publishers, New York (1974);
Roche working instructions
- Calcium (CA) / mmoL/L / o-cresolphthalein complex without deproteinization / Ray Sarkar, B.C. and Chauhan, U.P.S., Anal. Biochem. 20, 155 (1967); Roche working instructions
- Urea (UREA) / mmoL/L / enzymatic determination with the urease/ glutamate dehydrogenase method / Neumann, U. and Ziegenhorn, J.: XVI,
Nordiska kongressen for klinisk kemi och klinisk fysiologi 1977, Oulu, Finland; Roche working instructions
- Creatinine (CREA) / μmoL/L / kinetic Jaffé method without deproteinization / Bartels, H. et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 37, 193 (1972); Roche working instructions
- Glucose (GLUC) / mmoL/L / hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method / Schmidt, F.H., Klin. Wschr. 39, 1244-1247 (1961); Roche working instructions
- Total bilirubin (TBIL) / μmoL/L / DPD method Wahlefeld, A.W. et al., Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 29, Suppl. 126 (1972) Abstract 11.12; Roche working instructions
- Total protein (TPROT) / g/L / biuret method Weichselbaum, T.E., Amer. J. Clin. Path. 10, 40 (1946); Roche working instructions
- Albumin (ALB) / g/L bromocresol green method Doumas et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 31, 87 (1971); Roche working instructions
- Globulins (GLOB) / g/L / difference between total protein and albumin
- Triglycerides (TRIG) / mmoL/L / enzymatic color test with lipase esterase/ glycerokinase/ glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase/4-aminophenazone
mod. method by Wahlefeld, A.W., in "Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse" [Methods of enzymatic analysis] (Bergmeyer, H.U., ed.) Vol. II, 3rd ed.,
Verlag Chemie Weinheim, GERMANY, pp. 1878-1882 (1974); Roche working instructions
- Cholesterol (CHOL) / mmoL/L / enzymatic determination with cholesterol esterase/ cholesterol oxidase/4-amino-phenazone (CHOD-PAP method)
Siedel, J. et al., J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 19, 838 (1981); Roche working instructions
- Magnesium (MG) / mmoL/L / xylidylblue method Mann, C.K. and Yoe, J.H., Anal. Chem. 28, 202-205 (1956); Bohnon, C., Clin. Chim. Acta 7, 811-817
(1962)

URINALYSIS: No

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
All animals were sacrificed by decapitation under Isoflurane anesthesia. The exsanguinated animals were necropsied and assessed by gross pathology.
- Weight parameters (determined on all animals): Adrenal gland, kidney, liver, spleen

Statistics:

Food consumption, body weight and body weight change: DUNNETT-test (two-sided);
clinical pathology parameters, pathology (weight parameters): Non-parametric one-way analysis using KRUSKALWALLIS test (two-sided). If the resulting p-value was equal or less than 0.05, a pairwise comparison of each dose group with the control group was performed using WILCOXON-test (two-sided) for the equal medians.

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Critical effects observed:

no

Conclusions:

In this 14-day dose-range-finding study, there were no adverse clinical signs, no effects on body weight or food consumption, no effects on the weights of adrenal gland, kidney, liver, spleen and no effeccts on haematology and clinical chemistry parameters.

Results and discussion

Clinical signs:

other: other: