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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Reference
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to fish
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
data from handbook or collection of data
Justification for type of information:
Data is from peer reviewed journal
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: -US EPA-FIFRA, 40 CFR Section 158.145, Guideline 72-1 -EPA-66013-75-011, May 1975, 45 pp. -EPA-66013-75-009, April 1975, 61 pp
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
GLP compliance:
not specified
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
- 100 mg liter-l of test solution was prepared by dissolving 0.1 ml of test chemical in 1000 ml of doubly deionized distilled water.
- The test solution thus prepared was sonicated for 30 min followed by magnetic stirring for another 30 min, which was than allowed to cool at room
temperature.
Test organisms (species):
other: 1. Atlantic salmon (Salmo safar L.); 2. rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Richardson)
Details on test organisms:
- Source: The Tunison Laboratory of Fish Nutrition of the US Fish & Wildlife Service, 3075 Gracie Road, Cortland, NY 13045
Test type:
static
Water media type:
other: well water
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
96 h
Remarks on exposure duration:
24, 46 and 72
pH:
7 - 7.3
Dissolved oxygen:
7.7 - 11.2
Nominal and measured concentrations:
For Atlantic salmon: 0, 1, 6, 13, 25, and 50 mg/L
For rainbow trout: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10-liter test vessel
- No. of organisms per concentration: For Atlantic salmon:20, whereas, for Rainbow trout: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Key result
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
32.35 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Atlantic salmon
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
32.35 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Atlantic salmon
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
33.31 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Atlantic salmon
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
34.28 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Atlantic salmon
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
6 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Atlantic salmon
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
22.91 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Rainbow trout (95% C.I. = 21.55 - 24.35 mg/L)
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
23.19 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Rainbow trout (95% C.I. = 21.79 - 27.73 mg/L)
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
23.19 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Rainbow trout (95% C.I. = 21.80 - 24.73 mg/L)
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
23.47 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Rainbow trout (95% C.I. = 22.11 -14.87 mg/L)
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
NOELR
Effect conc.:
5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality (fish)
Remarks on result:
other: For Rainbow trout
Details on results:
Atlantic salmon:
- After 30 s Salmon indicated a loss of equilibrium (LOE) at 50 mg/L. Further, most of the fishes were dead within 15 min, and eventually all the fishes were dead within 3 h.
- Whereas, at 25mg/L, LOE was observed after 2min. Further, within 5 min all salmon were immobile on the bottom of the vessel, in darkened condition.

For Rainbow trout:
- After 25 s Rainbow trout indicated LOE at 50 mg/L. Further, all of the fishes were dead within 15 min.
- While after 40 s, at 25mg/L LOE was observed. Whereas immobility was observed within 70s.
Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table: Logistic and Probit Regression Parameters of Slope(B)and Intercept( I )

 

 

B

I

Atlantic salmon

Meana

2.880

0.645

SE

0.593

0.867

Rainbow trout

Meana

16.68 1

- 17.693

SE

3.708

5.060

a = Parameters for the logit regression of the form: Log(p/l -p))/2+ 5) =Z+BX.

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
For Atlantic salmon, the LC50 value of test chemical after 96 h of exposuer of test chemical was determined to be 32.35 mg/L in a static system. However, LC50 value was also determined at 24h, 48h and 72h which are 34.28 mg/L, 33.31 mg/L and 32.35 mg/L, respectively. Also, no observable effect limit (NOEL) was determined at 6 mg/L.
Whereas, for Rainbow trout, the LC50 value of test chemical after 96 h of exposure of test chemical was determined to be 22.91 mg/L with the no observable effect limit (NOEL) at 5 mg/L. However , LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was determined to be 23.47 mg/L, 23.19 mg/L and 23.19 mg/L, respectively.
Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the toxic effects of test chemical on fish. The test organisms used in this study were Atlantic salmon (Salmo safar L.) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Richardson). Nominal concentrations prepared for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout were 1, 6, 13, 25, and 50 mg/L and 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50mg/L,. Fishes were maintained in holding tanks for two weeks prior to testing on a 12-h daylight photoperiod. Dilution water which was derived from well water was run through a series of filters. Temperature was monitored and recorded every 30 min. After the exposure of test chemical, both the species showed loss of equilibrium at 50 mg/L within 25–30 s, eventually immobility was observed on the bottom of the vessel. Hence, after 96h of exposure, the LC50 value for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout was determined to be 32.35 mg/L and 22.91 mg/L, respectively.

However, for Atlantic salmon LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 34.28 mg/L, 33.31 mg/L and 32.35 mg/L, respectively with NOEL at 6 mg/L. Whereas for Rainbow trout LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 23.47 mg/L, 23.19 mg/L and 23.19 mg/L with NOEL at 5 mg/L.

Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable the test chemical is considered to be nontoxic to fish and cannot be classified according to CLP regulation.

Description of key information

A study was conducted to determine the toxic effects of test chemical on fish. The test organisms used in this study were Atlantic salmon (Salmo safar L.) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Richardson). Nominal concentrations prepared for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout were 1, 6, 13, 25, and 50 mg/L and 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50mg/L,. Fishes were maintained in holding tanks for two weeks prior to testing on a 12-h daylight photoperiod. Dilution water which was derived from well water was run through a series of filters. Temperature was monitored and recorded every 30 min. After the exposure of test chemical, both the species showed loss of equilibrium at 50 mg/L within 25–30 s, eventually immobility was observed on the bottom of the vessel. Hence, after 96h of exposure, the LC50 value for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout was determined to be 32.35 mg/L and 22.91 mg/L, respectively.

However, for Atlantic salmon LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 34.28 mg/L, 33.31 mg/L and 32.35 mg/L, respectively with NOEL at 6 mg/L. Whereas for Rainbow trout LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 23.47 mg/L, 23.19 mg/L and 23.19 mg/L with NOEL at 5 mg/L.

Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable the test chemical is considered to be nontoxic to fish and cannot be classified according to CLP regulation.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
32.35 mg/L

Additional information

Various experimental studies have been reviewed from different sources to determine the short term toxicity of test chemical to fish and their results are summarized below.

The first study was reviewed from the authoritative databases and peer reviewed journal in this study an experiment was conducted to determine the toxic effects of test chemical on fish. The test organisms used in this study were Atlantic salmon (Salmo safar L.) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Richardson). Nominal concentrations prepared for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout were 1, 6, 13, 25, and 50 mg/L and 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50mg/L,. Fishes were maintained in holding tanks for two weeks prior to testing on a 12-h daylight photoperiod. Dilution water which was derived from well water was run through a series of filters. Temperature was monitored and recorded every 30 min. After the exposure of test chemical, both the species showed loss of equilibrium at 50 mg/L within 25–30 s, eventually immobility was observed on the bottom of the vessel. Hence, after 96h of exposure, the LC50 value for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout was determined to be 32.35 mg/L and 22.91 mg/L, respectively. However, for Atlantic salmon LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 34.28 mg/L, 33.31 mg/L and 32.35 mg/L, respectively with NOEL at 6 mg/L. Whereas for Rainbow trout LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 23.47 mg/L, 23.19 mg/L and 23.19 mg/L with NOEL at 5 mg/L.

Next study was also reviewed from journal and authoritative databases in this astudy was conducted to determine the toxic effects of test chemical on fish. The test organisms used in this study were Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) and Channel catfish (Ictulurus punctatus Raf.). Nominal concentrations prepared for both the species were 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 and 100 mg/L. Fishes were maintained in holding tanks for two weeks prior to testing on a 12-h daylight photoperiod. Dilution water which was derived from well water was run through a series of filters. Temperature was monitored and recorded every 30 min. After the exposure of test chemical, both the species indicated abnormal behaviour, eventually mortality was observed. The LC 50 value was determined by using probit analysis method and after 96 h of exposure of test chemical to fish , the LC50 value for Bluegill and Catfish was determined to be 9.12 mg/L (95% C.I. = 7.98 - 10.51 mg/L) and 16.23 mg/L (95% C.I = 11.57 - 22.47 mg/L), respectively. However, for Bluegill LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 19.80 mg/L, 9.12 mg/L and 9.12 mg/L, respectively with NOEL at 7 mg/L. Whereas for Catfish LC50 value at 24h, 48h and 72h was 20.08 mg/L, 17.35 mg/L and 16.94 mg/L with NOEL at 7 mg/L.

In addition to above next study was reviewed from authoritative database in this a study was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity of test chemical to fish. The test organisms used in this study was Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri). The test chemical was exposed to Rainbow trout for 96h. The experiment was conducted in flow through system using freshwater. After the exposure of test chemical, the LC50 and NOEL was determined to be 25.4 mg/L and 7.36 mg/L, respectively.

Another study was also reviewed from authoritative database in this astudy was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity of test chemical to fish. The test organisms used in this study was Lepomis macrochirus. The test chemical was exposed to Lepomis macrochirus for 96h. The experiment was conducted in flow through system using freshwater. After the exposure of test chemical, the LC50 and NOEL was determined to be 42.56 mg/L and 33.6 mg/L, respectively.

 

Next study was reviewed from journal in this a study was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity of test chemical to fish. The test organisms used in this study was Ictalurus punctatus (common name: Channel catfish). Fishes of length 9.9 - 21cm were stocked in the holding pen pond. Test vessel used for the study was 6,664-L holding tank which was 3 m in diameter. Test chemical was applied to the surface at one of the following application rates: 0, 2.2, 20, 40, 100, or 200 kg/ha. The formulation (test chemical) was seen as an oily sheen covering the water's surface. The analytical monitoring of test chemical was done and for that water samples were taken at depths of 0.03 and 0.35 m from the surface to quantify the amount of test chemical. During the 12-h exposure period Ictalurus punctatus behaved normally and kept mostly to the bottom of the tank at a depth of 0.9 m. After the exposure of test chemical for 12 h the LD50 value of test chemical on test organism was determined to be 20 mg/L.

The last study was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity of test chemical on Cyprinus carpio for 68 h. The test fishes were captured with an alternating-current electric boat shocker in the New York State Barge Canal. The test chemical was exposed to fish by oral route and it was force feed in the form of gelatin capsules. Nominal concentrations used were 184, 191 and 204 mg/Kg. After the exposure of test chemical effect were observed. If a fish acted or looked other than normal it was considered to be sick. If no movement occurred it was recorded as dead. However, mortality was not observed at the concentration range from 184 - 204 mg/Kg. Thus, from the above observation, it can be concluded that the NOEC value of the test chemical on Cyprinus carpio after 68 h was determined to be in the range 184-204 mg/Kg.

By considering results of all the studies mentioned above the LC 50 value of test chemical was determined to be in range from 9.12 mg/L to 42.56 mg/L. Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable the test chemical is considered to be nontoxic to Fish and cannot be classified according to CLP regulation.