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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Remarks:
- Q)SAR calculated endpoint
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR model
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EPI Suite v 4.0/ECOSARv1.00
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Analytical monitoring:
- not required
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Daphnid species
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- SMILES : CCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Stoddard solvent
CAS Num: 8052-41-3
MOL FOR: C10 H22
MOL WT : 142.29
Log Kow: 5.252 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Log Kow: 5.01 (PhysProp DB exp value - for comparison only)
Melt Pt: -29.70 (deg C, PhysProp DB exp value for Wat Sol est)
Wat Sol: 1.409 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.052 (mg/L, PhysProp DB exp value) - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.107 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: (Q)SAR prediction
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic , as determined by (Q)SAR. Chemical may not be soluble enough to measure this predicted effect.
- Details on results:
- The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.107 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic .
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.107 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic .
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Executive summary:
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.107 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic . This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS. The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 96 Hours
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Published data in readily available literature as a reliable data source.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1020 (Gammarid Acute Toxicity Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Three different test methods were used in closed or open systems to give a total of five tests (two closed, three open) for the gammarid and three tests (one closed, two open) for the shrimp. The different methodologies for the preparation and extraction of the test medium and different chamber design meant that, in some cases, surface films or droplets of undissolved white spirit components were present. As expected, test methods providing opportunity for evaporation of white spirit and those with lower extraction efficiency for chemical analysis produced 96-h LC50 estimates higher than those for other methods.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 100 ml samples of the aqueous exposure phase were sampled for paraffin content.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The marine invertebrate, Chaetogammarus marinus, was exposed for 96-hours to the test substance to seven nominal loading levels that ranged from 1 to 1000 mg/L .
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Chaetogammarius marinus
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organisms were from a laboratory culture, approximately 5mm long. The laboratory culture was maintained under standardized conditions and fed Fucus sp. Housing included shelter for concealment.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Test temperature:
- 15 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.5 to 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Most test solutions were saturated with oxygen, with the exception of a few test solutions that were lower than saturation but >6.5 mg/L
- Salinity:
- 2.8%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The nominal loading levels were seven nominal loading levels that ranged from 1 to 1000 mg/L, which each measured <0.005 mg/L at test initiation
- Details on test conditions:
- A test system consisted of 10 organisms placed in 1000 ml of treatment solution contained in a glass beaker and covered with glass to minimize volatile losses. The control and treatment solutions were prepared in duplicate.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2.5 - < 4.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: closed systems
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 - < 40 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: open systems
- Details on results:
- The study resulted in a 96-hour LC50 of 3.5 mg/L, based on nominal loading.
The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The study resulted in a 96-hour LC50 of 3.5 mg/L, based on nominal loading.
The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts). - Executive summary:
The marine invertebrate, Chaetogammarus marinus, was exposed for 96-hours to the test substance to seven nominal loading levels that ranged from 1 to 1000 mg/L . The study resulted in a 96-hour LC50 of 3.5 mg/L, based on nominal loading.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 96 Hours
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Published data in readily available literature as a reliable data source.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1020 (Gammarid Acute Toxicity Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Three different test methods were used in closed or open systems to give a total of five tests (two closed, three open) for the gammarid and three tests (one closed, two open) for the shrimp. The different methodologies for the preparation and extraction of the test medium and different chamber design meant that, in some cases, surface films or droplets of undissolved white spirit components were present. As expected, test methods providing opportunity for evaporation of white spirit and those with lower extraction efficiency for chemical analysis produced 96-h LC50 estimates higher than those for other methods.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 100 ml samples of the aqueous exposure phase were sampled for paraffin content.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The marine invertebrate, brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) , was exposed for 96-hours to the test substance
- Test organisms (species):
- Crangon crangon
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organisms were from a laboratory cultur. The laboratory culture was maintained under standardized conditions and fed Fucus sp. Housing included shelter for concealment.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Test temperature:
- 15 degrees C
- pH:
- 7.5 to 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Most test solutions were saturated with oxygen, with the exception of a few test solutions that were lower than saturation but >6.5 mg/L
- Salinity:
- 2.8%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The nominal loading levels were seven nominal loading levels that ranged from 1 to 1000 mg/L, which each measured <0.005 mg/L at test initiation
- Details on test conditions:
- A test system consisted of 10 organisms placed in 1000 ml of treatment solution contained in a glass beaker and covered with glass to minimize volatile losses. The control and treatment solutions were prepared in duplicate.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2.5 - < 4.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: closed systems
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 - < 40 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: open systems
- Details on results:
- The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts).
- Executive summary:
The marine invertebrate, brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) was exposed for 96-hours . The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts).
Referenceopen allclose all
Overview of QSARs estimations on short-term aquatic toxicity of Stoddard solvent to Daphnid
Method
|
Results |
Remarks |
Reference |
QSAR estimate |
Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =0.107 mg/L (ppm)
Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm)
|
Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data |
ECOSAR Program (v1.00) |
Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model aLC50 for fresh water Daphnid of 0.107 mg/l was established.
Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =0.107 mg/L (ppm)
Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm)
Description of key information
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that LC50 for fresh water species Daphnid would to be 0.107 mg/l .
The marine invertebrate, Chaetogammarus marinus, was exposed for 96-hours to the test substance to seven nominal loading levels that ranged from 1 to 1000 mg/L . The study resulted in a 96-hour LC50 of 3.5 mg/L, based on nominal loading.
The 96-h LC50 values for closed systems with high efficiency extraction ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/litre, whereas those for open systems ranged from 10 to 40 mg/litre (both based on dosed amounts).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.107 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 3.5 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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