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Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

The genetic toxicity in vitro of trifluoroacetic acid (CAS 76-05-1) and the read-across substance sodium trifluoroacetate (CAS 2923-18-4) were assessed in three Ames tests performed similar to OECD 471. In addition, a chromosome aberration test according to OECD 473 and a gene mutation study in mammalian cells (mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells) with the read-across substance sodium trifluoroacetate (CAS 2923-18-4) are available.

Sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) was tested instead of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) according to a reliable analogue approach in order to be free of the cytotoxic effect on bacteria due to the extreme acid pH of TFA (pH=0.45).

In vitro  

Gene mutation in bacteria

S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, with and without metabolic activation (Ames test, CAS 76-05-1): negative (Waskell, 1978)

S. typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, with and without metabolic activation (Ames test, CAS 2923-18-4): negative (ECHA disseminated dossier, 2014)

S. typhimurium TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1535, with and without metabolic activation (Ames test, CAS 2923-18-4): negative (ECHA disseminated dossier, 2014)

Chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells

Human (female) lymphocytes (primary culture), chromosome aberration, with and without metabolic activation (OECD 473, CAS 2923-18-4): negative (ECHA disseminated dossier, 2014)

Gene mutation in mammalian cells

MLA mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, with and without metabolic activation (OECD 476, CAS 2923-18-4): negative (ECHA disseminated dossier, 2014)

Based on the results obtained in these studies it can be concluded, that trifluoroacetic acid has no genotoxic potential in vitro.

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1977
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: A reliable and scientifically sound publication, similar to OECD 471 guideline.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
only 2 strains were tested
GLP compliance:
no
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay
Target gene:
HIS gene
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
S9
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
1.5 mg/plate (maximum non-toxic quantity tested)
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
no
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
other:
Remarks:
Diethyl sulfate and 2-Aminofluorene
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: A reliable and scientifically sound publication referring to a read-across substance.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
only 3 strains were tested.
GLP compliance:
no
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay
Target gene:
HIS gene
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
S9
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
3.6, 8.9, 17, 35.7 mg/mL
Untreated negative controls:
no
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
benzo(a)pyrene
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 1 hour
- Exposure duration: 48 - 60 hours

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
Evaluation criteria:
A ratio of > 1 (the number of revertant colonies in the presence of the test compound to the average number of revertant colonies in the absence of the test compound (spontaneous revertants)) indicates no effect of the compound. A positive mutagenic response requires a ratio of > 2, which is dose related.
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not examined
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Conclusions:
The results obtained with the positive controls validate not only the tester strains but also the activating system used (S9-mix). The results of this study clearly show that sodium trifluoroacetate has no mutagenic potential in the Salmonella assay using the strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1535.
Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
1986
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks:
The rationale for reliability is cited from the ECHA dossier of trifluoroacetic acid for this endpoint study record study: The study was performed similarly to the OECD guideline 471 with acceptable restrictions and was in compliance to the GLP. Sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) was tested instead of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) according to a reliable analogue approach in order to be free of the cytotoxic effect on bacteria due to the extreme acid pH of TFA (pH=0.45).
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
only the 2-Anthramine is used as a positive control for the efficacy of S9 mix. Strains S. typhimurium TA102 or E.coli WP2 were not used. No data on the composition of the substance tested (cited from the ECHA dossier).
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Endpoint:
in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
2010
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: see 'Remarks'
Remarks:
The rationale for reliability is cited from the ECHA dossier of trifluoroacetic acid for this endpoint study record: GLP study in accordance with international guidelines. Sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) was tested instead of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) according to a reliable analogue approach in order to be free of the cytotoxic effect on bacteria due to the extreme acid pH of TFA (pH=0.45)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
Deviations:
no
Species / strain:
primary culture, other: human (female) lymphocytes
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not applicable
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
2010
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: see 'Remark'
Remarks:
The rationale for reliability is cited from the ECHA dossier of trifluoroacetic acid: GLP study in accordance with international guidelines. Sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) was tested instead of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) according to a reliable analogue approach in order to be free of the cytotoxic effect on bacteria due to the extreme acid pH of TFA (pH=0.45)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
Deviations:
no
Species / strain:
mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
not applicable
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (negative)

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. As a result the substance is not considered to be classified for genetic toxicity not classified according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the tenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2017/776.