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EC number: 205-319-0 | CAS number: 138-24-9
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Biodegradation in water
42-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item.The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 73.49%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 46.38 % on 7 days & 60.24 % on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.The BOD42 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.15 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.14 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 42 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 53.73%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 19.5% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.11%), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 80.4% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
Additional information
Biodegradation in water
Various experimental studies of the test chemical were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:
In an experimental key study from study report (2017) for the test chemical,42-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 73.49%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 46.38 % on 7 days & 60.24 % on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.The BOD42 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.15 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.14 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 42 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 53.73%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
Another biodegradation study was conducted with an electrolytic respirometerfor 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test chemical at a temperature of 20± 1°C and pH 7 ± 1 (Kohei Urano et. al.). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums for the study. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. JIS inorganic medium (1ml/300 ml) was used as a test medium for the study. The measurements of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) curves and the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were repeated two or three times for the test compound, and the reproducibilities were confirmed. The biodegradability rank of test chemical was evaluated to be D, indicating that the chemical is difficult to degrade. The percentage degradation of test chemical was determined to be 50% by BOD and ThOD parameter in > 10 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.
On the basis of above results for test chemical, it can be concluded that the test chemical can be expected to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
Biodegradation in water and sediment
Estimation Programs Interface (2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 19.5% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.11%), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.
Biodegradation in soil
The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 80.4% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.
On the basis of available information, the test chemicalcan be considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
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