1,4-bis(butylamino)anthraquinone

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: well performed OECD study with GLP

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,4-bis(butylamino)anthraquinone

EC Number:

241-379-4

EC Name:

1,4-bis(butylamino)anthraquinone

Cas Number:

17354-14-2

Molecular formula:

C22H26N2O2

IUPAC Name:

1,4-bis(butylamino)anthraquinone

Study design

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant, 31137 Hildesheim, Germany
- Receipt: 2015-09-11
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sludge was washed twice with chlorine free tap water. After the second washing the settled sludge was resuspended in mineral salts medium and was maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration for 2 hours and 35 minutes. Thereafter the sludge was homogenized with a blender. After sedimentation the supernatant was decanted and maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration with CO2-free air for 7 days. 20 mL/L were used to initiate inoculation.
- Colony forming units in the test vessels: Approx. 10^7 - 10^8 CFU/L

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial test substance concentration

Initial conc.:

22 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral salts medium acc. to OECD 301F
- Additional substrate: No
- Test temperature: Nominal: 20 - 24, ± 1 °C; Actual: 21.4 – 21.6 °C
- pH:
pH-Values at Test Start and Test End

pH-Value
Start End
Inoculum Control 7.69 1) 7.60
2) 7.61
Functional Control 7.68 7.84
Test Item 7.67 1) 7.60
2) 7.60
Toxicity Control 7.66 7.85

- pH adjusted: no
- Dispersion treatment: Continuous stirring
- Continuous darkness: Dark, in an incubator


TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Incubator
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Closed bottles with a rubber sleeve with soda lime
- Measuring equipment: The bottles were closed with OxiTOP measuring heads.
The oxygen consumption was determined in the incubation vessels by the OxiTop® measuring system at 360 measuring points (every 112 minutes) during the 28 d incubation period.



SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 360 measuring points (every 112 minutes) during the 28 d incubation period.
- Sampling method: Pressure measurements directly from the test vessels



CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Test medium without test and reference item
- Abiotic sterile control: No
- Toxicity control: Test item and reference item in test concentrations



STATISTICAL METHODS:
Calculation of the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of the test and reference item.
According to OECD-guideline 301, the index of the atoms of the item CcHhClclNnNanaOoPpSs was used for the calculation of the ThOD.
The oxygen depletion of the test item, functional control and toxicity control was calculated out of the difference of the test and inoculum control replicates.
The biodegradation of the test item, functional control and toxicity control was calculated out of the BOD in relation to the ThOD.

Reference substance

Reference substance:

benzoic acid, sodium salt

Results and discussion

Preliminary study:

No preliminary study

Test performance:

Based on the calculated oxygen demand, the test concentration of 22 mg/L, corresponding to an oxygen demand of 51.7 mg O2/L (59.8 mg O2/L with nitrification) in the vessel, was selected.
The test solutions were prepared in measuring flasks and were placed in brown glass bottles as incubation vessels (inoculum control and functional control) or were prepared directly in brown glass bottles (test item, toxicity control):

• two for the inoculum control (C1, C2)
• one for the functional control (R1)
• two for the test item (P1, P2)
• one for the toxicity control (T1)


Separate replicates of test item and toxicity control were
prepared for measurement of the pH-value at test start:

• one for the test item (PpH)
• one for the toxicity control (TpH)

The inoculated test medium, consisting of the required volumes of mineral medium stock solutions, ultrapure water and 20 mL/L inoculum, were prepared in a measuring flask. 250 mL of this solution were filled in the brown glass bottles of the inoculum control, using a 250 mL measuring flask.

For the functional control, the reference item was weighed out and transferred into a measuring flask, the required volumes of mineral medium stock solutions, ultrapure water and 20 mL/L inoculum, were added. 250 mL of this solution was filled in the brown glass bottle of the functional control, using a 250 mL measuring flask.

For the test item replicates the test item was weighed out for each replicate and directly transferred into the test vessel with 250 mL inoculated test medium, using a 250 mL measuring flask.

For the toxicity control, the test item was weighed out and directly transferred into the test vessel with 250 mL of the reference item medium (see above), using a 250 mL measuring flask.

A rubber sleeve with soda lime was hung into the opening of the bottles to absorb evolved CO2. The bottles were closed with OxiTop measuring heads and the measuring system was activated.

% Degradation

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

3

Sampling time:

28 d

Details on results:

Theoretical Oxygen Demand
The biodegradation in % was calculated based on the ThOD of 2.35 mg O2/mg test item.

Colony Forming Units of the Inoculum
Colony forming units (CFU) of the inoculum were determined prior to test start by standard dilution plate count: 8.65 x 10^8 CFU/L. The CFU concentration of the inoculum corresponds to approx. 1.73 x 10^7 CFU/L in the final test solution.

Results of the Toxicity Control:
In the toxicity control the biodegradation achieved 51 % after 14 days. After 28 days the biodegradation came to 65 %. The validity criterion that the test item should not inhibit the biodegradation of the reference item was fulfilled.

Results of the Test Item:
The biodegradation of the test item is shown graphically in comparison to the readily degradable functional control and the toxicity control. Both test item replicates did not reach the 10% level (beginning of biodegradation) until test end. The mean biodegradation on day 28 was 3 %.

After a test period of 28 days, the test item is classified as not readily biodegradable within the 28 day period of the study.

BOD5 / COD results

Results with reference substance:

Results of the Functional Control:
The pass level for ready biodegradation (> 60 % degradation) was reached within 3 days. The validity criterion that the degradation should be > 60 % after 14 d was fulfilled.
Stages of Biodegradation: The adaptation phase changed to degradation phase within 1 day (degradation > 10 %) and the biodegradation came to a maximum of 97 % on day 27 .

Any other information on results incl. tables

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of Inoculum Control, Functional Control, Test Item and Toxicity Control

		BOD [mg O2/L]
Date	[d]	Inoculum Control	Functional Control		Test Item				Toxicity Control Test Item + Reference Item
			R1		P1		P2		T1
		mean	gross	net	gross	net	gross	net	gross	net
2015-09-19	1	4.2	28.2	24.0	4.2	0.0	5.6	1.4	26.8	22.6
2015-09-20	2	6.3	47.9	41.6	7.0	0.7	7.0	0.7	47.9	41.6
2015-09-21	3	7.8	53.5	45.8	7.0	-0.8	8.5	0.8	53.5	45.8
2015-09-22	4	9.2	57.8	48.6	8.5	-0.7	9.9	0.7	59.2	50.0
2015-09-23	5	10.6	62.0	51.4	9.9	-0.7	12.7	2.1	63.4	52.8
2015-09-24	6	12.0	64.8	52.8	11.3	-0.7	12.7	0.7	66.2	54.2
2015-09-25	7	13.4	67.6	54.2	12.7	-0.7	14.1	0.7	67.6	54.2
2015-09-26	8	14.1	69.0	54.9	14.1	0.0	15.5	1.4	70.5	56.4
2015-09-27	9	14.8	71.9	57.1	15.5	0.7	15.5	0.7	73.3	58.5
2015-09-28	10	16.2	74.7	58.5	15.5	-0.7	16.9	0.7	76.1	59.9
2015-09-29	11	17.6	76.1	58.5	16.9	-0.7	18.3	0.7	77.5	59.9
2015-09-30	12	17.6	77.5	59.9	16.9	-0.7	19.7	2.1	80.3	62.7
2015-10-01	13	18.3	80.3	62.0	18.3	0.0	19.7	1.4	81.7	63.4
2015-10-02	14	19.0	80.3	61.3	18.3	-0.7	21.1	2.1	83.1	64.1
2015-10-03	15	19.0	83.1	64.1	19.7	0.7	21.1	2.1	86.0	67.0
2015-10-04	16	19.7	84.5	64.8	19.7	0.0	21.1	1.4	87.4	67.7
2015-10-05	17	20.4	86.0	65.6	19.7	-0.7	22.5	2.1	90.2	69.8
2015-10-06	18	20.4	87.4	67.0	19.7	-0.7	22.5	2.1	91.6	71.2
2015-10-07	19	20.4	88.8	68.4	21.1	0.7	24.0	3.6	93.0	72.6
2015-10-08	20	21.8	90.2	68.4	21.1	-0.7	24.0	2.2	95.8	74.0
2015-10-09	21	21.8	91.6	69.8	21.1	-0.7	24.0	2.2	97.2	75.4
2015-10-10	22	21.8	93.0	71.2	22.5	0.7	25.4	3.6	98.6	76.8
2015-10-11	23	22.5	94.4	71.9	22.5	0.0	25.4	2.9	100.0	77.5
2015-10-12	24	23.3	94.4	71.2	22.5	-0.8	25.4	2.2	101.0	77.8
2015-10-13	25	23.3	95.8	72.6	22.5	-0.8	25.4	2.2	103.0	79.8
2015-10-14	26	24.0	95.8	71.8	22.5	-1.5	25.4	1.4	103.0	79.0
2015-10-15	27	24.0	97.2	73.2	22.5	-1.5	25.4	1.4	104.0	80.0
2015-10-16	28	24.0	97.2	73.2	24.0	0.0	26.8	2.8	106.0	82.0

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Conclusions:

After a test period of 28 days, the test item is classified as not readily biodegradable within the 28 day period of the study.

Executive summary:

The ready biodegradability of the test item was determined with non-adapted activated sludge in the Manometric Respirometry Test for a period of 28 days. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 301 F . The test item concentration selected as appropriate was 22 mg/L, corresponding to a ThOD of 51.7 mg O₂/L per test vessel. The oxygen was depleted by the respiration of bacteria and the degradation was followed by measuring the oxygen concentration. The biodegradation rate is therefore expressed as the percentage BOD (biological oxygen demand) and was calculated for each study day.

 

The mean oxygen depletion in the inoculum control was 24.0 mg O₂/L on day 28.

 

In order to check the activity of the test system sodium benzoate was used as functional control. The pass level > 60 % was reached within 3 days. The biodegradation reached a maximum of 97 % degradation on day 27.

 

In the toxicity control containing both test and reference item 51 % degradation occurred within 14 days. After 28 days the biodegradation came to 65 %. The degradation of the reference item was not inhibited by the test item.

 

The biodegradation of the test item is shown graphically in comparison to the readily degradable functional control and the toxicity control. Both test item replicates did not reach the 10 % level (beginning of biodegradation) until test end. The mean biodegradation on day 28 was 3 %.

 

The validity criteria of the guideline are fulfilled.

The test item is classified as

not readily biodegradable

within 28 days.

Biodegradation [%] of the Test Item in Comparison to the Functional Control and Toxicity Control

		Biodegradation [%]
		Study Day [d]
	Replicate	7	14	21	28
Test Item 22mg/L	1	0	0	0	0
	2	1	4	4	5
Functional Control 45 mg/L		72	82	93	97
Toxicity Control 22mg/L Test Item + 45 mg/L Reference Item		43	51	59	65