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EC number: 206-117-5 | CAS number: 302-17-0
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data from IARC and IPCS Monograph
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
- Author:
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- IARC Monograph, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, V63 251 (1995)
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- CONCISE INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT NO. 25; CHLORAL HYDRATE
- Author:
- World Health Organisation
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria (EHS)
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
- distribution
- excretion
- metabolism
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentionoed below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the chemical chloral hydrate has been determined.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- EC Number:
- 206-117-5
- EC Name:
- 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- Cas Number:
- 302-17-0
- Molecular formula:
- C2H3Cl3O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol (Chloral hydrate)
- Molecular formula: C2-H3-Cl3-O2
- Molecular weight: 165.4026g/mol
- Smiles notation: C(C(O)O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
- InChl: RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol (Chloral hydrate)
- Molecular formula: C2-H3-Cl3-O2
- Molecular weight: 165.4026g/mol
- Smiles notation: C(C(O)O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
- InChl: RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Radiolabelling:
- not specified
Test animals
- Species:
- other: Humans
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- Details not available
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Details not available
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
15 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Details not available
- Control animals:
- no
Results and discussion
Main ADME resultsopen allclose all
- Type:
- absorption
- Results:
- After oral administration, chloral hydrate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its biotransformation to trichloroethanol must be rapid, since no parent compound could be detected in even the first samples taken 10 min after administration
- Type:
- distribution
- Results:
- Peak levels of trichloroethanol and trichloroethanol glucuronide were reached within 20 to 60 min after oral administration of aqueous solution.
- Type:
- metabolism
- Results:
- Chloral hydrate is rapidly metabolized in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid.
- Type:
- excretion
- Results:
- The major route of excretion of the metabolites of chloral hydrate is the urine. (Source EPA)
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- trichloroethanol
trichloroacetic acid and
trichloroethanol glucuronide
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Since chloral hydrate is rapidly metabolized after oral absorption to produce metabolites that are excreted predominantly in urine, it can be expected that chloral hydrate shall have low bio-accumulation potential.
- Executive summary:
The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the chemical chloral hydrate has been determined. From the information available chloral hydrate is shown to be rapidly metabolized after oral absorption to produce trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol glucuronide metabolites that are excreted predominantly in urine, thus it can be expected that chloral hydrate shall have low bio-accumulation potential.
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