Ethyl butyrate

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer-reviewed journal

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Evaluation of the Teratogenic Potential of Octyl Acetate in Rats

Author:

W. C. DAUGHTREY, P. J. WIER,1 K. A. TRAUL,2 R. W. BILES, AND G. F. EGAN

Year:

1989

Bibliographic source:

FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY 13, 303-309 (1989)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The above experiment was performed to assess and evaluate the teratogenic potential of test chemical was performed in rats.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Octyl acetate

EC Number:

203-939-6

EC Name:

Octyl acetate

Cas Number:

112-14-1

Molecular formula:

C10H20O2

IUPAC Name:

octyl acetate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Acetate C-8
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C10H20O2
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 172.266 g/mole
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C10H20O2
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 172.266 g/mole
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Sex: Female
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories
- Age at study initiation: (P) x wks; 9 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 212 - 216 g female
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Animals were housed individually (except during the first week of quarantine and during mating) in suspended stainless-steel cages and All animals were identified by uniquely numbered ear tags during the course of the study.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Food (certified Rodent Chow, Ralston Punna Co.)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 3-week

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19- 24 °C (monitored daily)
- Humidity (%): 40-70% (monitored daily)
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hr photoperiod

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: No data available

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):

not specified

Vehicle:

water

Remarks:

Distilled

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Test chemical was dissolved in distilled water to give as dose of 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/Kg

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data
- Storage temperature of food: No data

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Distilled water
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg/Kg
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): Dose volumes were based on GD 6 body weights throughout the dosing period
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data
- Purity: No data

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

No Data Available

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: No data avaialble
- Length of cohabitation: No data avaialble
- Proof of pregnancy: [vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear] referred to as [day 0 / day 1] of pregnancy: Copulatory plug in the vagina
or by observation of sperm in a vaginal rinse were referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility: No data avaialble
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: [no / yes (explain)]: No data avaialble
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): Individually
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: No data avaialble

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Duration of test:

Gestation days-20

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw
Basis:

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Total: 85 animals
0 mg/kg bw : 22 female
100 mg/kg bw :20 female
500 mg/kg bw :22 female
1000 mg/kg bw :21 female

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

No data avaialble

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

Survival, clinical sign, body weight and body weight change, food consumption, Organ weight and gross pathology were examined.

Ovaries and uterine content:

Corpora lutea and Resorptions were examined

Fetal examinations:

Fetuses weighe and sexed, Examined externally for gross abnormalities, visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations, and crown-rump distance were measured.

Statistics:

Maternal body weight and body weight change, food consumption, uterine data (i.e., corpora lutea, implants, resorptions), and malformation data were analyzed statistically using Bartlett's test of homogeneity of variance (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967) was used to determine if the groups had equivalent variances at the 1 % level of significance. If the variances were not significantly different, the groups were compared using a standard one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). If significant differences among the means were indicated, Duncan's test (Dunnett, 1964) was performed to determine which treated groups differed from control. Fetal weights and crown-rump lengths were analyzed using individual fetal values by a standard nested analysis of variance, with values nested within dams and dams nested within groups. If differences in groups were indicated, the least-significantdifference technique (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967) was used to determine which treated groups differed from control. If the groups did not have equivalent variances at the 1 % level, then a Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric) was used to assess differences in group means (Hollander and Wolf, 1973). If the means were different, a rank sum comparison was used to determine which treatment groups differed from control.

Indices:

No data avaialble

Historical control data:

No data avaialble

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Clinical signs:
When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, elevated incidences of alopecia, rales, red nasal discharge, and anal-genital staining were observed in treated female rats as compared to control.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

Details on maternal toxic effects:
Moraltity: When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, 2 female rats were died one each on GDs 10 and 12, respectively. No effect on mortality of 100 and 500 mg/kg bw treated female rats were observed as compared to control.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Body weight:
When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, A statistically significant decreased in mean body weight on on GDs 9, 12, 16, and 20 were observed as compared with control.
The effect was most evident during the first several days of dosing, when these animals actually lost weight (GDs 6-9). When treated with 500 mg/kg bw, Statistically significant decrase in mean body weight and body weight changes were observed at several time points as compared with control.
These decrase in body weight appeared to occur in an ordered response to dose.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption:
When treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, dose-related decreases in food consumption for the Day 6-9, 9-12, and 12- 16 intervals were observed as compared with control.

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Organ weights: No statistically significant effect were observed Uterine weight of treated female rats as compared to control.

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:

not specified

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

not specified

Total litter losses by resorption:

not specified

Early or late resorptions:

not specified

Dead fetuses:

not specified

Changes in pregnancy duration:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): not specified

Changes in number of pregnant:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:yes

Details on maternal toxic effects:
Moraltity: When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, 2 female rats were died one each on GDs 10 and 12, respectively.

No effect on mortality of 100 and 500 mg/kg bw treated female rats were observed as compared to control.

Clinical signs:
When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, elevated incidences of alopecia, rales, red nasal discharge, and anal-genital staining were observed in treated female rats as compared to control.

Body weight:
When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, A statistically significant decreased
in mean body weight on on GDs 9, 12, 16, and 20 were observed as compared with control.
The effect was most evident during the first several days of dosing, when these animals actually lost weight (GDs 6-9).

When treated with 500 mg/kg bw, Statistically significant decrase in mean body weight and body weight changes were observed at several time points as compared with control.
These decrase in body weight appeared to occur in an ordered response to dose.

Food consumption:
When treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw, dose-related decreases in food consumption for the Day 6-9, 9-12, and 12- 16 intervals were observed as compared with control.

Reproductive function: estrous cycle: When treated with 1000 mg/kg bw, slight increas in resorptions were observed as compared to control. But, the difference was not statistically significant.

Reproductive performance: No statistically significant effect were observed on Corpora lutea/dam, Implants/litter, Resorptions/litter and Live fetuses/litter as compared to control.

Organ weights: No statistically significant effect were observed Uterine weight of treated female rats as compared to control.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

500 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

Remarks on result:

other: no toxic effects observed

Maternal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Localisation:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

not specified

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): not specified

Reduction in number of live offspring:

not specified

Changes in sex ratio:

not specified

Changes in litter size and weights:

not specified

Changes in postnatal survival:

not specified

External malformations:

not specified

Skeletal malformations:

not specified

Visceral malformations:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Moraltity:
No significant effect was observed on Live fetuses/litter s compared to control.

Body weight:
No significant effect was observed on fetal body weight as compared to control.

Gross pathology:
Tail absent were observed in 1000 mg/kg bw and micrognathia in 500 mg/kg bw as compared to control.

No significant differences or dose-related change were observed on crown rump distance of fetuses were observed as compared to control.

Histopathology:
Visceral examinations:
When treated wtih 1000 mg/kg bw, dilated lateral cerebral ventricles in two fetuses were observed which are anatomical variations previously observed in historical control fetuses.

Skeletal malformations:
When treated wtih 1000 mg/kg bw, Different types of vertebral malformations were observed in four fetuses (four litters) in the form of incomplete ossification but, was not statistically significant as compated to control.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: No developmental toxic effects observed

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Localisation:

other: not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Uterine Implantation Data^a

	Dose group
	0 g/kg (N=20)	0.1 g/Kg (N = 20)	0.5 g/kg (N=20)	1.0 g/kg (N =20)
Corpora lutea/dam	16.0 ± 1.6	15.9 ± 2.2	16.1 ± 2.5	16.5 ±2.6
Implants/litter	14.7 ± 1.5	14.7 ± 2.0	14.9 ± 2.1	14.8 ± 1.9
Resorptions/litter	0.6 ±0.7	0.9 ± 1.2	0.6 ± 0.8	1.3± 1.4
Uterine weight (g)	74.9 ± 9.0	75.6 ±12.1	77.8± 13.1	73.0 ±8.8
Live fetuses/litter	7.9 ± 1.9	7.4 ± 1.8	7.0 ± 1.8	6.7 ±2.2
Male	6.2 ±1.6	6.3 ± 1.8	7.2 ± 1.6	6.8 ± 1.9
Female	14.1 ± 1.6	13.7 ± 2.2	14.2 ± 2.0	13.5 ± 1.7
Total	16.0 ± 1.6	15.9 ± 2.2	16.1 ± 2.5	16.5 ±2.6

^aValues are means ± SD. N = number of litters.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

NOAEL was considered to be 500 mg/kg bw for P generation and 1000 mg/kg bw for F1 generation when Sprague-Dawley female rats were treated with test chemical orally by gavage for 10 days of gestation.

Executive summary:

In a teratogenicity study, Sprague-Dawley female rats were treated with test chemical of Octyl acetate (Cas 112-14-1) in the concentration of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day orally by gavage. Two female rats died in the 1000 mg/kg one each on GDs 10 and 12, respectively. Also, maternal animals in the high-dose group exhibited elevated incidences of alopecia, rales, red nasal discharge and anal-genital staining. Statistically significant and dose-related decrease in mean body weight, and body weight changes were detected in the 1000 mg/kg groups on GDs 9, 12, 16, and 20 were observed at 1000 mg/kg. The effect was most evident during the first several days of dosing, when these animals actually lost weight (GDs 6-9). Statistically significant decrease in mean body weight and body weight changes were observed at several time points at 500 mg/kg as compared with control. These decrease in body weight appeared to occur in an ordered response to dose. Similarly, dose-related decreases in food consumption on GD 6-9, 9-12, and 12- 16 intervals were observed at 500 and 1000 mg/kg as compared with control. The uterine implantation parameters including corpora lutea/dam, implants/litter, resorptions/litter, uterine weight or live fetuses/litter showed no statistically significant or dose-dependent differences between control and any of the treated-groups. Although, a slight increase in the number of resorptions was detected in the 1000 mg/kg group as compared to control, the difference was not significant.In the F1 generation, there was no significant or dose-dependent effects on embryo-fetal lethality or fetal growth for any treatment group.No significant differences or dose-related change were observed on crown rump distance of fetuses were observed as compared to control.The number of litters of at least one malformed fetus and the mean percentage of the litter malformed were significantly elevated in the high-dose group only. External observation revealed only two malformations: one in the 1000 mg/kg group (tail absent) and one in the 500 mg/kg group (micrognathia). Visceral examinations revealed two fetuses with abnormalities only in two fetuses at 1000 mg/kg. All groups exhibited comparably low incidences of malformations (dilated ureters/distended renal pelvises), which are anatomical variations previously observed in historical control fetuses. Fetuses with skeletal malformations were observed in the control, low-dose and high-dose groups at low incidence. In addition, different types of vertebral malformations were observed in four fetuses (four litters) from the high-dose group,but, were not statistically significant as compared to control.In conclusion, the test chemicalduring GD 6-15 at the dose level of 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/kg resulted in significant maternal toxicity as evidenced by reduction in body weight, body weight gain and food consumption of pregnant female rats. However, the administration of the test chemical at maternally toxic doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg had no adverse effect on sexual function, fertility and fetus development. The administration of the test chemicalslightly increased the incidence of fetal malformations in rats at 1000 mg/kg, which was seriously toxic for mothers. However, no developmental toxicity was observed at the maternally toxic dose of 500 mg/kg or the maternally non-toxic dose of 100 mg/kg. Some developmental effects produced only at maternally toxic exposure levels which indicates that Octyl acetateis not a selective developmental toxicant in rat and it does not disrupt development without obvious signs of adult toxicity. Hence, the NOAEL for reproductive and developmental toxicity is estimated as 500 mg/kg/bw/day for P0 (parental) generations and 1000 mg/kg/bw/day for F1 generationwhen Sprague-Dawley female rats were orally treated with Octyl acetate for 10 days of gestation under the certain conditions. Maternal toxicity level is 100 mg/kg/bw/day when pregnant female SD rats are orally dosed with the test chemical during gestation.