2,3-xylenol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Short term toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs assessing the effect of test chemical.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

No data available

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

No data

Test organisms (species):

Gadus morrhua

Details on test organisms:

- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): First day of fertilization
- Egg and larva of the test organism were used

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

5° C

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Beakers were used as a test vessel.
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed, test beakers were covered with aluminum foil
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Test beakers containing 100 ml filtered seawater mixed with the test substance.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 50 fish eggs, or 20 larvae

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Yes , test organisms were observed on 1 ,2 and 4 the day. All deviations from the control development were registered as effects: Death, pathology, inhibition of cleavage and differentiation, and pigment defects. The 96 hour EC50 values were plotted for test chemical.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

13 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Multiple effect

Details on results:

- Other biological observations: The earliest pigment was visible shortly before exposure, and the treatment produced serious pigment defects. At hatching, after exposure to 10 mg/litre, body pigmentation was totally inhibited, and only the eyes had a pale colour
- Abnormal responses: Effects on development were visible as irregular and deformed embryos.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the effect on mortality of the test organism Gadus morhua L (egg and larva), the 96 hr EC50 value was determined to be 13 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Short term toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs. Gadus morrhua (eggs and larvae) was used as a test organism. Test stock solutions (10 mg/l) was analysed by fluorometric (FL) analysis. Test fishes were exposed to test chemical in beaker. Test beakers were covered with aluminum foil. It contains 100 ml filtered seawater mixed with the test substance. Each test vessel contains 50 fish eggs, or 20 larvae. Test organisms were observed on  1 ,2 and 4 the day. All deviations from the control development were registered as effects: Death, pathology, inhibition of cleavage and differentiation, and pigment defects. The 96 hour EC50 values were plotted for test chemical. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test organism Gadus morhua L (egg and larva), the 96 hr EC50 value was determined to be 13 mg/l.

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs. Gadus morrhua (eggs and larvae) was used as a test organism. Test stock solutions (10 mg/l) was analysed by fluorometric (FL) analysis. Test fishes were exposed to test chemical in beaker. Test beakers were covered with aluminum foil. It contains 100 ml filtered seawater mixed with the test substance. Each test vessel contains 50 fish eggs, or 20 larvae. Test organisms were observed on  1 ,2 and 4 the day. All deviations from the control development were registered as effects: Death, pathology, inhibition of cleavage and differentiation, and pigment defects. The 96 hour EC50 values were plotted for test chemical. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test organism Gadus morhua L (egg and larva), the 96 hr EC50 value was determined to be 13 mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

13 mg/L

Additional information

Various experimental studies of the test chemical were reviewed for toxicity to fish end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental study from peer reviewed journal (Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen et. al., 1985), short term toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs. Gadus morrhua (eggs and larvae) was used as a test organism. Test stock solutions (10 mg/l) was analysed by fluorometric (FL) analysis. Test fishes were exposed to test chemical in beaker. Test beakers were covered with aluminum foil. It contains 100 ml filtered seawater mixed with the test substance. Each test vessel contains 50 fish eggs, or 20 larvae. Test organisms were observed on 1 ,2 and 4 the day. All deviations from the control development were registered as effects: Death, pathology, inhibition of cleavage and differentiation, and pigment defects. The 96 hour EC50 values were plotted for test chemical. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test organism Gadus morhua L (egg and larva), the 96 hr EC50 value was determined to be 13 mg/l.

 

Another short term toxicity to fish study was carried for assessing the effect of test chemical (from publication and secondary source). The study was performed under static conditions for 24 hrs at a temperature of 22°C, pH 7.8 to 8.8 and hardness of 150 mg/L CaCO3, respectively. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test organism, the 24 hr LC50 value was determined to be 10 to 35 mg/l.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study, Estimated 96 hrs LC50 value of test chemical on Fathead minnow was determined by three different models i.e, Battery, Leadscope and SciQSAR used within Danish QSAR database. Based on mortality, the estimated 96 hrs LC50 value was determined to be 20.21 mg/l.

 

On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the test chemical was considered to be toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.