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EC number: 235-227-6 | CAS number: 12136-45-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 973
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
- respiratory irritation
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method other: Work place exposure – potash mining
Method: Eight companies from the potash and milling industry located near Carlsbad/USA cooperated in the investigation. Job classification was assessed as to whether it involved surface or underground activity, or both, and the men were divided into two categories after excluding men with less than one year experience in the potash industry or with more than one year in both surface and underground work (1058 men); 1) men with one year or more of underground potash work, and less than one year of surface potash work between 1940-1967 (2743 men), and 2) men who had one year or more of surface potash work, and less than one year underground potash work between 1940-1967 (1143 men).
Comparison was made between the observed risk of dying among the study cohort, with that expected according to age, sex, race, calendar time, and cause specific mortality rates for the general population of the United States. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dipotassium oxide
- EC Number:
- 235-227-6
- EC Name:
- Dipotassium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 12136-45-7
- Molecular formula:
- K2O
- IUPAC Name:
- Potassium oxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):: Potash (potassium oxide)
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Eight companies from the potash and milling industry located near Carlsbad/USA cooperated in the investigation. Job classification was assessed as to whether it involved surface or underground activity, or both, and the men were divided into two categories after excluding men with less than one year experience in the potash industry or with more than one year in both surface and underground work (1058 men); 1) men with one year or more of underground potash work, and less than one year of surface potash work between 1940-1967 (2743 men), and 2) men who had one year or more of surface potash work, and less than one year underground potash work between 1940-1967 (1143 men).
Comparison was made between the observed risk of dying among the study cohort, with that expected according to age, sex, race, calendar time, and cause specific mortality rates for the general population of the United States. - Exposure assessment:
- estimated
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The field studies conducted failed to disclose any evidence of predisposition of underground miners to any of the diseases evaluated,
including lung cancer. Secondly, the study concluded there is no reason to believe that the underground environment increases respiratory
diseases when pneumoconiosis producing dust or radon decay products are absent or present in only minute amounts.
Exposure to dust, i.e. sodium and potassium salts, commonly encountered in the potash industry did not influence mortality due to heart disease or cerebrovascular accidents. A deficit of death from cancers other than respiratory among the surface workers could not be explained.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The field studies conducted failed to disclose any evidence of predisposition of underground miners to any of the diseases evaluated,
including lung cancer. Secondly, the study concluded there is no reason to believe that the underground environment increases respiratory
diseases when pneumoconiosis producing dust or radon decay products are absent or present in only minute amounts.
Exposure to dust, i.e. sodium and potassium salts, commonly encountered in the potash industry did not influence mortality due to heart disease or cerebrovascular accidents. A deficit of death from cancers other than respiratory among the surface workers could not be explained.
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