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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Remarks:
Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
12 Sept-22 Oct 2012
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: The study was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 471 and under GLP conditions.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2013
Report date:
2013

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Cinnamomum cassia, ext.
EC Number:
284-635-0
EC Name:
Cinnamomum cassia, ext.
Cas Number:
84961-46-6
IUPAC Name:
(2E)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal; (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-yl acetate; (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enal
Test material form:
other: liquid
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cassia oil
- Physical state: Liquid
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark

Method

Target gene:
Histidine or tryptophan locus.
Species / strain
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Type and identity of media: Vogel-Bonner Minimal Plates, Top Agar.
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for viability, spontaneous reversion rate characteristics.
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
S9-mix
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
Preliminary toxicity test: 0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 1 (direct plate incorporation method): 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method): 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: immiscible in sterile distilled water at 50 mg/ml but fully miscibile in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO).
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
yes
Remarks:
DMSO
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
9-aminoacridine
N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
benzo(a)pyrene
other: 2-Aminoanthracene
Remarks:
Without S9: N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 9-aminoacridine. With S9: benzo(a)pyrene, 2-Aminoanthracene.
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Experiment 1: direct plate incorporation methodology (in agar)
Experiment 2: pre-incubation methodology

DURATION
- Preincubation period: S9-mix 20 minutes (prior to exposure in experiment 2 only)
- Exposure duration: 48 hours (experiment 1 and 2)

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
-Preliminary test: no replication
-Test for mutagenicity (exp 1 and 2): in triplicate

DETERMINATION OF MUTAGENICITY
- Method: Evaluate reduction in number of spontaneous revertants and negative effect on the growth of the bacterial background lawn (thinning).

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Each culture was monitored spectrophotometrically for turbidity with titres determined by viable count analysis on nutrient agar plates.
Evaluation criteria:
EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges
4. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS
5. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- All bacterial strains must have demonstrated required characteristics as determined by their respective strains according to Ames et al. (1975)
- Tester strain cultures should exhibit characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and untreated controls.
- Tester strain culture density should be in the range of 0.9 to 9x10E9 bacteria/ml
- Positive control values must demonstrate intrinsic sensitivity of the test strains and integrity of the S9-mix
- A minimum of four non-toxic test item dose levels is allowed
- No evidence of excessive contamination
Statistics:
No further information provided

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
direct plate incorporation method (exp 1)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
direct plate incorporation method (exp 1)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
direct plate incorporation method (exp 1)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
direct plate incorporation method (exp 1)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
direct plate incorporation method (exp 1)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
pre-incubation method (exp 2)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
pre-incubation method (exp 2)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
pre-incubation method (exp 2)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
pre-incubation method (exp 2)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Remarks:
pre-incubation method (exp 2)
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
Precipitation: No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The test item was toxic to TA100 from 1500 µg/plate and 5000 µg/plate to WP2uvrA.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
Experiment 1: Reductions in growth of bacterial background lawns of all tester strains from 1500 µg/plate (both with and without S9).
Experiment 2: Reductions in growth of bacterial background lawns of all tester strains from 500 µg/plate without S9 and from 1500 µg/plate with S9. The test item was tested up to the maximum recommended level of 5000 µg/plate.
Remarks on result:
other: all strains/cell types tested
Remarks:
Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method. Therefore the test item Cassia oil was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions of this test.
Executive summary:

The genotoxicity of the test substance Cassia oil was tested in bacteria strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvr A according to OECD guideline 471 (Ames test) and under GLP conditions. Two experiments (using the plate incorporation methodology and the pre-incubation methodology) were performed with concentrations of the test substance ranging from 5 - 5000 µg/plate, with and without metabolic activation. Negative, vehicle and positive controls were included as well. The frequency of revertant colonies was recorded.

The positive and negative control were valid: all positive control chemicals induced increase in frequency of revertant colonies and the increase observed for the negative control substance was considered acceptable. Cytotoxicity was observed in both experiments by a reduction in growth of the bacterial background lawns, being more apparent in experiment 2 (using the pre-incubation methodology). No significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation or exposure method.

Based on the results of this Ames test, the test item Cassia oil was considered to be non-mutagenic under the conditions as specified.