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EC number: 203-184-2 | CAS number: 104-20-1
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
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- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
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- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
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- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
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- Irritation / corrosion
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- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-03-29 to 2016-04-01
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
- Dilution: acetonitril:HPLC water (40:60)
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: stored at 6 +/- 2 °C. Prepared samples were stored at room temperature. - Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: HINDÄK, SAG 61.81
- Source: available in study report
- Method of cultivation: Nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et ai. (1994); Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35-70 µE m-2 s-1 for 24 hours per day.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days old pre-culture - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of exposure was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells.
- Test temperature:
- 21-24 °C (controlled at +/- 2°C)
- pH:
- ranging from 7.87 to 9.47
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L.
Measured concentrations (0 h): 6.56 - 13.0 - 25.1 - 48.6 - 97.6 mg/L
Measured concentrations (72 h): 6.37 - 12.9 - 25.5 - 49.1 - 97.9 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: flask
- Type: flasks cotton plug, with headspace
- Initial cells density: nominal -> approximately 5 x 103- 104cells/mL; current: 6305 cells/mL
- Control end cells density:
- No. of organisms per vessel: 6305 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- Agitation: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at approximately 70 rpm.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: TG OECD medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: light 24 h/day
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 60 - 120 µE m-2 s-1; light homogeneity within 15 % over incubation area
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Chlorophyll measurement: yes, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm
- Frequency: daily measurements
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100 % inhibition at 100 mg/L and 4 and 20 % inhibition at 10 mg/L for growth and yield, respectively - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 38.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 36.6-39.6 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 19.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 17.7 - 20.8 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 20.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 18.5-22 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 13.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 11.9-15.2 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Nominal concentrations verified by measurements
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Unusual cell shape: no morphological abnormalities - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 0.564 mg/L growth rate inhibition (valid range: 0.797 +/- 0.428 mg/) and 0.322 mg/L yield inhibition (valid range: 0.415 +/- 0.275 mg/L). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ECx-values of growth rate and yield inhibition with confidence intervals after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose- response regression with GraphPad Prism.
The NOEC / LOEC was determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rate and yield using Williams Sequential t-test Procedure. A Shapiro-Wilk's Normality test and a Levene’s Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is a = 0.05. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- After an exposure of 72 h, the test item was found to inhibit the growht of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The reported EC50-values are 38.1 mg/L for growth rate inhibition and 20.2 mg/L when yield inhibition was studied. The 72-hour EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield were 19.2 and 13.4 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
For this endpoint, one study is available in which the effect of the test item on growth of freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours exposure was assessed according to OECD 201. The nominal concentrations tested were 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L. Validity criteria were fulfilled with this test set-up. The test item was found to inhibit the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The 72-hour EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) were 38.1 (36.6 - 39.6) and 20.2 (18.5 - 22.0) mg/L. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 19.2 and 13.4 mg/L, respectively.
Reference
The mean cell densities measured are reported here:
Nominal test item concentration (mg/L) | no. of replicates | Mean cell density (cells/mL) | |||
0h | 24h | 48h | 72h | ||
100 | 3 | 6305 | 11209 | 8165 | 3784 |
50 | 3 | 6305 | 13720 | 14431 | 35496 |
25 | 3 | 6305 | 19666 | 89488 | 646958 |
12.5 | 3 | 6305 | 27685 | 331112 | 2078334 |
6.25 | 3 | 6305 | 29255 | 398052 | 2453092 |
control | 6 | 6305 | 25220 | 346667 | 2199062 |
This translates to following growth rates, yield and inhibition:
Nominal test item concentration (mg/L) | no. of replicates | Mean growth rate (d-1) | Mean inhibtion of growth rate (%) | Mean yield (cells/mL) | Mean inhibtion of yield (%) |
100 | 3 | -0.174 | 100 | -2521 | 100 |
50 | 3 | 0.575 | 71 | 29191 | 99 |
25 | 3 | 1.53 | 21 | 640653 | 71 |
12.5 | 3 | 1.93 | 1 | 2072029 | 6 |
6.25 | 3 | 1.99 | -2 | 2446787 | -12 |
control | 6 | 1.95 | 2192757 |
The section-by-section and average growth rates of the control group are as follows:
replicate | 0-24h | 24-48h | 48-72h | Mean (0-72h) | SD (+/-) | CV (%) | Mean CV (%) |
1 | 1.41 | 2.46 | 1.77 | 1.88 | 0.533 | 28.4 | 32.3 |
2 | 1.34 | 2.7 | 1.77 | 1.94 | 0.698 | 36 | |
3 | 1.52 | 2.63 | 1.78 | 1.98 | 0.582 | 29.4 | |
4 | 1.43 | 2.45 | 1.99 | 1.96 | 0.51 | 26.1 | |
5 | 1.2 | 2.79 | 1.92 | 1.97 | 0.797 | 40.5 | |
6 | 1.39 | 2.69 | 1.86 | 1.98 | 0.657 | 33.2 | |
Mean | 1.95 | ||||||
SD (+/-) | 0.04 | ||||||
CV (%) | 1.91 |
Measured exposure concentrations during the Definitive Test:
Sampling date |
2016-03-29 Fresh medium (0 hours) |
2016-04-01 End of the exposure (72 hours) |
||
Start of analysis |
2016-03-29 |
2016-04-01 |
||
Nominal conc. (mg/L) |
Measured conc. (mg/L) |
% |
Measured conc. (mg/L) |
% |
100 |
97.6 |
98 |
97.9 |
98 |
50.0 |
48.6 |
97 |
49.1 |
98 |
25.0 |
25.1 |
100 |
25.5 |
102 |
12.5 |
13.0 |
104 |
12.9 |
103 |
6.25 |
6.56 |
105 |
6.37 |
102 |
Control |
< LOQ |
|
< LOQ |
|
Description of key information
OECD 201 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): ErC50 = 38.1 mg/L; ErC10 = 19.2 mg/L (nominal concentrations)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 38.1 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 19.2 mg/L
Additional information
For this endpoint, one study is available in which the effect of the test item on growth of freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours exposure was assessed according to OECD 201. The nominal concentrations tested were 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 mg/L. Validity criteria were fulfilled with this test set-up. The test item was found to inhibit the growth ofPseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The 72-hour EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) were 38.1 (36.6 - 39.6) and 20.2 (18.5 - 22.0) mg/L. The EC10-values for inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 19.2 and 13.4 mg/L, respectively.
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