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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
15 June 2012 to 18 june 2012
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2012
Report date:
2012

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
DL-α-methylbenzylamine
EC Number:
210-545-8
EC Name:
DL-α-methylbenzylamine
Cas Number:
618-36-0
Molecular formula:
C8H11N
IUPAC Name:
1-phenylethanamine
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1-Phenylethylamine
- Physical state: liquid, colorless to yellow
- Analytical purity: >=99%
- Isomers composition: R:S form = 0.345 : 99.655 area%.
- Lot/batch No.: O 2932 (production date: 20 Oct 2011)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 20 Oct 2013
- Stability under test conditions: test item was stable under test conditions as proven by chemical analysis
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, dry, protected from light
- Other: solubility in water: 54.4 g/L (25 °C)

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: all concentrations at test initiation and test termination

Test solutions

Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: stock solution (1 mg/mL); test item dissolved in test medium (AAP); solution (0.1 mg/mL) prepared from stock solution by dilution with test medium; both solutons used to prepare test solutions in glass flasks of 500 mL total volume
- Controls: negative control
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): laboratory culture: standard laboratory culture of the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Department of Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology; originally supplied by Algae Collection University of Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 d
- Method of cultivation: cultured in AAP medium at 21 to 24 °C under sterile conditions, renewal twice a week

ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no data

Study design

Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
72 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:
22.2 to 22.7 ºC
pH:
pH of control: 7.22 to 9.09
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal: 0 (control), 0.2, 0.6, 1.8, 5.6, 16.7 and 50.0 mg/L
measured: test initiation: 90.0 to 105.6% of nominal concentration ; test termination: 91.7 to 99.8% of nominal concentration
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open (air permeable stoppers )
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, capacity: 250 mL; fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: no; but vessels were shaken continuously (70 rpm)
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10^4cells/mL
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 7

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (AAP)

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: AAP medium

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 5500 to 6960 lx, fluorescent light source of six 24 W light bulbs

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: algae cell counting in a Bűrker chamber by microscopic observation at 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure
- Other: algal biomass: absorbance at wavelength (lambda) of 670 nm

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ca. 3
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not applicable
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: first test: 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L; second test: 0.26, 0.64, 1.60, 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L; third test: 0.26, 0.64, 1.60, 4.0, 10.0 and 25.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: inhibition for yield (calculated from average algae cell number) compared with the control: first test: -3.8% in 0.1 mg/L, 24.2% in 1.0 mg/L, 99.0% in 10.0 mg/L and 99.8% in 100.0 mg/L; second test: 4.8% in 0.26 mg/L, 5.7% in 0.64 mg/L, 27.3% in 1.6 mg/L, 21.9% in 4.0 mg/L and 51.0% in 10.0 mg/L; third test: 3.1% in 0.26 mg/L, 19.1% in 0.64 mg/L, 22.1% in 1.6 mg/L, 31.0% in 4.0 mg/L, 52.8% in 10.0 mg/L and 92.7% in 25.0 mg/L
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
3,5-dichlorophenol

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
31.66 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 28.93 to 34.76 mg/L
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
7.26 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: yield
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 5.80 to 9.12 mg/L
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
9.17 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 7.32 to 10.89 mg/L
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
0.93 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: yield
Remarks on result:
other: 95% CL: 0.53 to 1.39 mg/L
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
< 0.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: yield
Details on results:
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): control, 0.2, 0.6, 1.8 mg/L: normal size and shape of algal cells; 5.6 mg/L: a few algae cells of twice the size of algae cells compared to control; 50.0 mg/L: no changes, only very few cells
- Unusual cell shape: Irregular shaped and tear-shaped algae cells were observed at 16.7 mg/L.
- Colour differences: no changes observed
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no
Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: 72-h ErC50 2.09 mg/L (95% CL: 1.89 to 2.33 mg/L)
- Other: performed January 24 – 27, 2012
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Probit method calculations and analysis: Shapiro Wilk’s Test on Normal Distribution, Levene’s Test on Variance Homogeneity (with Residuals),
Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure.

Any other information on results incl. tables

pH values

Test concentration

[mg/L, nominal] 

pH

0 h*

72 h**

Control

7.22

9.09

0.2

7.49

8.93

0.6

7.47

8.84

1.8

7.47

8.27

5.6

7.75

8.02

16.7

8.79

7.85

50.0

9.56

7.84

*: pH measured in samples before division into replicates

**: pH measured in samples of pooled replicates

Growth Rate and Yield (mean values and standard deviations, SD)

Test concentration

[mg/L, nominal]

Growth Rate

Yield

0-24 h

24-48 h

48-72 h

0-72 h

72 h

0.0 (control)

mean

2.278

1.557

1.197

1.677

1.524

SD

0.034

0.053

0.019

0.016

0.076

0.2

mean

2.262

1.541

1.175

1.659

1.443

SD

0.140

0.027

0.08

0.024

0.103

0.6

mean

2.219

1.535

1.128

1.628

1.311

SD

0.088

0.058

0.006

0.016

0.063

1.8

mean

2.176

1.541

1.076

1.598

1.197

SD

0.057

0.034

0.049

0.008

0.028

5.6

mean

2.111

1.421

1.057

1.530

0.975

SD

0.053

0.093

0.034

0.016

0.048

16.7

mean

2.058

0.954

0.881

0.823

0.481

SD

0.019

0.092

0.096

0.029

0.014

50.0

mean

0.943

0.420

0.173

n.d.

0.037

SD

0.124

0.084

0.046

n.d.

0.005

Inhibition of growth rate and yield of algae

Test concentration

[mg/L, nominal]

Inhibition [%]

Growth rate

Yield

Control

0.0

0.0

0.2

1.1

5.3

0.6

3.0

13.9

1.8

4.8

21.5

5.6

8.8

36.0

16.7

22.6

68.4

50.0

69.5

97.6

Concentration and stability of test item

Test concentration

[mg/L, nominal]

Measured concentration (n = 3)

0 h

72 h

[mg/L]

[% nominal]

[mg/L]

[% initial]

0.0 (control)

0.0

-

0

-

0.2

0.18

90.0

0.17

94.4

0.6

0.60

100.0

0.55

91.7

1.8

1.90

105.6

1.76

92.6

5.6

5.91

105.5

5.58

94.4

16.7

16.90

101.2

16.86

99.8

50.0

48.39

96.8

46.76

96.3

Effect values

Endpoint

Growth rate

Yield

Time of exposure

Time of exposure

24 h

48 h

72 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

EC50

42.43

(38.07 4 47.50)

35.04

(32.39 – 38.09)

31.66

(28.93 – 34.76)

26.86

(21.10 – 34.46)

11.58

(9.56 – 14.03)

7.26

(5.80 – 9.12)

EC20

22.75

(17.98 – 26.54)

14.55

(12.69 – 16.28)

14.03

(11.95 – 15.94)

14.30

(8.72 – 18.62)

3.95

(2.76 – 5.10)

1.89

(1.24 – 2.56)

EC10

16.42

(11.74 – 20.24)

9.19

(7.56 – 10.74)

9.17

(7.32 – 10.89)

10.29

(5.18– 14.32)

2.25

(1.38 – 3.15)

0.93

(0.53 – 1.39)

LOEC

16.70

1.80

0.6

5.60

0.6

≤0.2

NOEC

5.60

0.60

0.2

1.80

0.2

<0.2

Endpoint values of growth rate and yield based on nominal concentrations of test item [mg/L]

( - ) - 95% confidence interval

Applicant's summary and conclusion