Disodium metasilicate

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

multi-generation reproductive toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-guideline study with survival of offspring and gross morphological changes as the only parameters examined.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effects of soluble silica on growth, nutrient balance and reproductive performance of albino rats.

Author:

Smith, G. S. et al.

Year:

1973

Bibliographic source:

J. Animal Sc. 36, 271-278

Reference 2

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Soluble Silicates. CAS No. 1344-09-8, 6834-92-0, 10213-79-3, 13517-24-3 and 1312-76-1.

Author:

OECD SIDS

Year:

2004

Bibliographic source:

SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 18 Paris, France 20-23 April, 2004

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The study was not conducted according to any guideline. For details on test procedure see below.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Silicic acid, sodium salt

EC Number:

215-687-4

EC Name:

Silicic acid, sodium salt

Cas Number:

1344-09-8

Molecular formula:

Na2O x (SiO2)n with Molar Ratio (MR) (SiO2/Na2O): 1.5 – 4

IUPAC Name:

Silicic acid, sodium salt

Details on test material:

Sodium silicate
SOURCE: Diamond Alkali Company, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
PURITY: Not reported
IMPURITY/ADDITIVE/ETC.: Not reported
ANY OTHER INFORMATION: Molar ratio 3.2

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

All animals were maintained on a normal diet (which contained 0.1 to 1.0% of SiO2 (based on dry weight). Housing conditions of the animals were not optimal, so that even in the control group survival of offspring until weaning was poor (35%).

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: drinking water

Vehicle:

water

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposure period: 12 weeks, between weaning and sexual maturity, each generation F0, F1, F2, F3 & F4
Premating exposure period (males): 12 weeks
Premating exposure period (females): 12 weeks
Duration of test: 2.5 years

Frequency of treatment:

continuous

Details on study schedule:

METHOD FOLLOWED:
Rats were treated with 0, 600 and 1200 mg SiO2/l drinking water from weaning age (3 weeks) to maturity (4 months).
Six males and six females were then mated in each treatment group. Offspring from the control group were distributed among all water treatments upon weaning (3 weeks of age) -nine additional males and nine additional females were thereby added to each treatment group- and upon attainment of maturity these rats were also mated within their treatment groups.
This process whereby offspring from control groups were distributed among treatments was repeated three times during a period of 2.5 years, and the mating procedure was repeated at four separate phases during the overall study, thereby providing data from 77 matings involving 59 females for each of the three treatments in the overall study.

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
79 and 159 mg sodium silicate/kg body weight/d
Basis:

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

PARAMETERS ASSESSED DURING STUDY P AND F1:
- Clinical observations: Not executed
- Body weight: Not reported
- Estrous cycle: Not examined
- Sperm examination: Not executed
- Mortality: Examined, but frequency of observations not specified.

OFFSPRING: Gross morphological anomalies, stillbirths

Statistics:

Chi-square Test

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

Effect levels (P0)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 159 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

female

Results: F1 generation

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

not determinable

Remarks:

no NOAEL identified

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

ACTUAL DOSE RECEIVED BY DOSE LEVEL BY SEX: 600 and 1200 mg SiO2/l in drinking water, corresponding to 790 ppm and 1580 ppm sodium silicate, respectively. This converts to 79 and 159 mg/kg bw/d on the assumption of a mean body weight of 200 g and a mean daily water consumption of 20 ml/d.

TOXIC RESPONSE/EFFECTS BY DOSE LEVEL: 
-Parental data and F1: No effects on mortality, the only parameter  studied, were observed in the parental generation at any dose level. Reduced pup survival was observed in the treatment groups.

- Mortality: No effects on length of life of the rats receiving sodium silicate in drinking water after weaning. Offspring from the treatment  groups was frequently stillborn or small and weak, with survival limited  to only a few days. Cannibalism was prevalent among females receiving  sodium silicate, especially among those receiving 1200 ppm.

The results from the 4 consecutive breedings are reported in the  publication as summed data only:

                              0          600     1200 ppm SiO2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Number of matings         77          77           77
Number of litters             54          51           49
Total offspring born       517        346*        414*
Total offspring weaned  182         83*          44*

% of offspring weaned   35%       24%          11%
Difference, % of controls
   born                       -           67%          80%
   weaned                     -           46%          24%
-----------------------------------------------------------------
* Values differ from controls, P

- Offspring toxicity F1: 
- Litter size and weights: On average 9.6, 6.8 and 8.4 animals/litter (at 0, 600 and 1200 mg SiO2/l). No data on body weights
- Viability index: see table above
- Post natal survival until weaning: 35%, 24% and 11% (at 0, 600 and 1200 mg SiO2/l)
- Effects on offspring: Necrosis of the tail and of the feet as well in both treated groups. Litters were frequently stillborn or small and weak.