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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
biotransformation and kinetics
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1954-2005
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Guideline study using national guideline. Study meets generally accepted scientific principles. Study acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2005

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:
Analysis of trace elements in soils of arable land fertilized with several types of slag or lime; analytical focus on soil Cr and V content to find out whether accumulation of both elements occurred. Controls not fertilized and/or limed with non-silicatic fertilizer (CaO and/or CaCO3)
GLP compliance:
no
Type of medium:
terrestrial

Test material

Constituent 1
Reference substance name:
Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace
EC Number:
266-002-0
EC Name:
Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace
Cas Number:
65996-69-2
Molecular formula:
~ Al(n)Ca(m)Mg(o)Si(p)O(3n/2+m+o+2p)
IUPAC Name:
Aluminium-Calcium-Magnesium-Silicium oxide equivalent
Details on test material:
TS = Thomas Slag, BOS = converter slag, DCS = disintegrating BOS, LS = SMS (ladle slag), ABS/GBS = blast furnace slag, CLS = carbonate limestone (CaCO3), BL = burnt lime (CaO)
The content of metals in liming materials and slags are generally at a uncritical level. Only Cr and V may occur in higher concentrations

Results and discussion

Transformation products:
no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Mean yields on the site Essershausen in the first seven and the last four experimental years (rape/cereals crop rotation)

Liming Material

without lime

burnt lime

ABS

BOS

lsd5%

Sommerland

 

 

 

 

 

Ø 1994-2000 (dt GE ha-1a-1)

78.0

79.7

81.3

81.0

1.0

Ø 1979-93 (%)

100.0

102.2

104.2

103.9

1.3

Ø 2002-2004 (dt GE ha-1a-1)

138.7

141.6

143.4

143.6

4.6

Ø 2002-2004 (%)

100.0

102.1

103.4

103.5

1.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arzdorf

 

 

 

 

 

Ø 1975-93 (dt GE ha-1a-1)

114.2

117.7

121.0

121.6

1.4

Ø 1975-95 (%)

100.0

103.1

106.0

106.5

1.3

2004 (silo/maize/cobs)

104.0

109.0

110.4

114.0

9.6

2004 (%)

100.0

104.8

106.1

109.6

9.2

 

Mean yields on the site Kasseburg in the first seven and the last four experimental years.

Liming Material

kg CaO/ha

without Lime

Converter Lime from Ladle Slag

500

Converter Lime from Ladle Slag

1000

Carbonate Limestone

1000

lsd5%

Ø 1994-2000 (dt GE)

94.9

99.4

99.2

97.8

1.7

Ø 1994-2000 (rel.)

100.1

104.7

104.5

103.0

1.8

Ø 2001-2004 (dt GE)

94.9

99.7

102.3

100.5

2.3

Ø 2001-2004 (rel.)

100.0

105.1

107.8

105.9

2.4

Chromium contents in the soil profile of the long-term field experiment Sommerland (Schleswig-Holstein) 20 years after beginning of the trial. Chromium contents (aqua regia) in mg Cr/kg soil

Soil depth (cm)

Without lime

Burnt lime

Blast furnace lime

Converter lime

lsd5%

0-30

51.1 a

49.9 a

49.7 a

61.8 a

4.7

30-35

59.2 b

57.4 b

52.0 ab

56.8 b

12.2

35-40

59.0 b

58.4 b

55,9 b

57.0 b

6.9

40-45

57.7 b

57.4 b

55.9 b

56.7 b

4.2

45-50

57.1 ab

56.2 ab

57.2 b

56.5 b

4.2

lsd5%1)

7.6

7.9

5.9

5.3

 

lsd5%2)

6.6

6.9

5.1

4.6

 

1) Least significant differences for the comparison between top layer and subsoil

2) Least significant differences for the comparison within the subsoil

Vanadium contents in the soil profile of the long-term field experiment Sommerland (Schleswig-Holstein) 20 years after beginning of the trial. Vanadium contents (aqua regia) in mg V/kg soil

Soil depth (cm)

Without lime

Burnt lime

Blast furnace lime

Converter lime

lsd5%

0-30

74.9 a

86.5 a

75.6 a

93.6 a

6.5

30-35

90.1 b

85.8 a

79.4 ab

87.4 a

9.2

35-40

89.5 b

86.9 a

87.4 b

86.9 a

7.3

40-45

87.7 b

87.2 a

86.6 b

87.1 a

6.0

45-50

89.7 b

90.8 a

86.6 b

86.6 a

9.6

lsd5%1)

7.9

8.6

8.3

8.5

 

lsd5%2)

6.9

7.4

7.2

7.3

 

1) Least significant differences for the comparison between top layer and subsoil

2) Least significant differences for the comparison within the subsoil

Mean yields in the first seven and the last four experimental years (rape/cereals crop rotation)

Liming Material

without lime

burnt lime

ABS

BOS

lsd5%

Sommerland

 

 

 

 

 

Ø 1994-2000 (dt GE ha-1a-1)

78.0

79.7

81.3

81.0

1.0

Ø 1979-93 (%)

100.0

102.2

104.2

103.9

1.3

Ø 2002-2004 (dt GE ha-1a-1)

138.7

141.6

143.4

143.6

4.6

Ø 2002-2004 (%)

100.0

102.1

103.4

103.5

1.3

Crop yields in the last three years of the Austrian field trials Fuchsenbigl, Rottenhausen ans Zwettl (Yield (%) related to control (100 %))

kg P2O5

ha-1yr-1

kg P2O5

ha-1yr-1

kg P2O5

ha-1yr-1

 

0

Basic slag

100

Basic slag

400

Super phosphate

100

Super phosphate

400

LSDyear5%

Year

Site

Crop

Yield (dt ha-1)

%

%

%

%

%

2001

Fuchsenbigl

Rye

32.5

143

150

127

135

29

2001

Rottenhaus

Rape

36.6

107

115

115

115

13

2001

Zwettl

Spring barely

27.5

145

164

147

174

32

2002

Fuchsenbigl

Potatoes

240.1

117

103

135

147

36

2002

Rottenhaus

Potatoes

364.1

131

115

129

143

22

2002

Zwettl

Potatoes

331.5

135

76

130

150

7

2003

Fuchsenbigl

wheat

46.5

113

120

102

111

21

2003

Rottenhaus

wheat

47.7

108

110

101

110

6

2003

Zwettl

wheat

49.5

122

128

114

124

17

 Mean yields on the site Roesrath in the first and last experimental period

 

 

Unlimed

Limestone

Limestone

BOS

BOS

lsd5%

Period

kg CaO/ha at CaO 1

0

CaO ½

CaO 1

CaO ½

CaO 1

 

Ø 1989-2000 (dt GE)

925

95.2

102.9

102.5

106.9

107.6

2.7

Ø 1989-2004 (%)

 

100.0

108.2

107.7

112.3

113.1

2.9

Ø 2001-2004 (dt GE)

600

74.6

81.7

86.1

86.9

87.4

4.3

Ø 2001-2004 (%)

 

100.0

109.5

115.5

116.5

117.1

5.7

Ø 1990-2000(dtD.M.)

745

114.7

122.6

125.4

126.6

128.5

2.2

Ø 1990-2000 (%)

 

100.0

106.9

109.3

110.4

112.1

1.9

Ø 20001-2004 (dt D.M.)

450

89.7

95.5

95.5

99.1

100.0

4.3

Ø 2001-2004 (%)

 

100.0

106.4

107.0

110.5

111.5

4.8

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Fertilization with slag significantly improves agricultural yield and does neither affect microbial activity of soil nor pose any risk of accumulation of trace elements.
Executive summary:

Field studies in Germany and Austria of up to 50 years duration demonstrated improved agricultural yield by application of ABS/GBS, BOS, and ladle slags as fertilizers.

The application of ABS/GBS and ladle slags in amounts of annual lime loss did not result in significant increases of the Cr or V content in the soils. Although the long-term use of BOS causes an accumulation of aqua regia extractable Cr and V in the soils, all slag applications led to improved soil fertility and did not negatively affect the microbiological activities in soils. There is no risk of trace element accumulation in soils (FehS (Rex)).