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Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
2.3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
75
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
176 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
subacute to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
dose unit is mg/m^3; thus no allometric scaling is needed
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
80 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
1 000 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform acute inhalation toxicity study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
dose unit is mg/m^3; thus no allometric scaling is needed
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.33 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
100 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
subacute to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
rat vs. man
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
for workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.58 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
150
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
87 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
subacute to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
dose unit is mg/m^3; thus no allometric scaling is needed
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
40 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
1 000 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform acute inhalation toxicity study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
dose unit is mg/m^3; thus no allometric scaling is needed
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform acute inhalation toxicity study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.17 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
100 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
subacute to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
rat vs. man
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no ncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.17 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
600
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
100 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
subacute to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
rat vs. man
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
remaining differences
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
for general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
well performed guideline conform oral repeat dose study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
no uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population