Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2007-01-26 - 2007-04-30

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: US EPA 850.1035 (1996), draft

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples of stock solutions were taken at 0 and 72 h.
Due to the high LOQ of 700 µg/L, samples from highest concentration of 1600 µg KHSO5/L were taken only. Treatments were analysed at 0 and 72 h for new solutions and 24 and 96 h for old solutions.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

not indicated

Test organisms (species):

Americamysis bahia (previous name: Mysidopsis bahia)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Species/strain: Mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia)
- Source: in-house culture
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h
- Feeding during test: no
- Type and amount of food during breeding: newly hatched brine shrimp and commercial shrimp feed, ad libitum
- Feeding frequency during breeding: daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

not indicated

Hardness:

not indicated

Test temperature:

25±2°C

pH:

7.6

Dissolved oxygen:

7.2 mg/L

Salinity:

20 ± 3 ‰

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations of test substance: 222, 444, 889, 1780, 3560 µg KMPS triple salt/L, corresponding to 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 µg KHSO5/L
Measured concentrations of test substance: the highest solution was analysed for both replicates
New: 0 h: 1290 and1080 µg KHSO5/L , 61-81 % of nominal
New: 72 h: 1630 and15400 µg KHSO5/L , 96-102 % of nominal
Old: 24 and 96 h: < LOQ (LOQ = 700 µg/L)
Concentrations of stock solution ranged from 83 to 91% of nominal at 0 hours and 85 to 97% of nominal at 72 hours
More details are provided under "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessels were covered with plastic petri dish
- Size, fill volume: 1 L vessels containing 0.9 L test solution
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 1 animal / 90 mL water

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory fresh water (well water demineralised by reverse osmosis) enriched with commercial sea salt mix
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 14 h light
- Light intensity: 599-693 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

889 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

KMPS

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

444 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

KMPS

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 180 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

KMPS

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 1070 - 1290

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

1 780 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

KMPS

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: at 889 and 1780 µg KMPS/L lethargy was observed in 1 and 11 animals, respectively after 48 hours.
- Results of controls: none of the animals was dead or showed abnormal behaviour or appearance

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistics performed with SAS software, LC50 calculated using Probit method and Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. NOEC determined using Fisher´s exact test.

Mortality data

 

Test-Substance Concentration (nominal) [µg KMPS/L]	Mortality (No. dead mysid shrimps)
	Number				Percentage
	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
222	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
444	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
889	0	0	2	2	0	0	10	10
1780	0	9	20	20*	0	45	100	100
3560	0	10	20	20*	0	50	100	100
Temperature [°C]	25.0	24.9	24.9	25.1	25.0	24.9	24.9	25.1
pH	7.3-8.0	7.5-7.9	7.3-8.0	7.9-8.0	7.3-8.0	7.5-7.9	7.3-8.0	7.9-8.0
Oxygen [mg/L]	6.7-7.4	6.8-7.3	6.7-7.3	6.5-7.2	6.7 -7.4	6.8 -7.3	6.7 -7.3	6.5 -7.2

 

20 animals per concentration were introduced

*  statistically significant increase in mortality after 96 hours as compared to control (Fisher´s exact test, p=0.05)

 

 

 

Effect data as KMPS

-	48 h [mg/L]^1	95 % c.l.	96 h [mg/L]^1	95 % c.l.
LC0	0.444	-	0.444	-
LC50	2.89	2.00-4.67	1.18	1.07-1.29
LC100	1.78	-	1.78	-

¹effect data are based on nominal concentrations

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

(Mortality of control animals < 10% , concentration of dissolved oxygen in all test vessels > 60% saturation)

Conclusions:

The study and the conclusions which are drawn from it fulfill the quality criteria (validity, reliability, repeatability). The LC50 for mysid shrimp was determined to be 1180 µg/L.

Executive summary:

Materials and methods

The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to Mysid shrimp was determined in a semistatic dose-response 96-h test according to the US EPA guideline 850.1035.

Results and discussion

The analytical verification of test concentrations resulted in recoveries ranging from 61 and 102% of nominal in fresh solutions and decreased below the LOQ (700 µg KHSO5/L) in old solutions. Therefore, all results were based on nominal concentrations.

The 96-h LC50 was determined to be 1180 µg KMPS triple salt/L with a confidence interval of 1070 - 1290 µg KMPS triple salt/L. NOEC = 889 µg KMPS triple salt/L based on mortality

EC0 = 444 µg KMPS triple salt/L

EC100 = 1780 µg KMPS triple salt/L

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2001-04-30 - 2001-12-11

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Triplicate samples were taken from stock solutions at 0 and 24 h (fresh media) at the concentrations: , 12.5, 25, 50, 62.5 mg/L.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Not reported

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM:
- Species/strain: Daphnia magna (Straus)
- Source: In-house culture
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h
- Food type: green algae Chlorella vulgaris
- Amount: not reported
- Frequency: daily (adults)
- Feeding during test: no
- Acclimation period: no

Test type:

semi-static

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

not indicated

Hardness:

Not reported

Test temperature:

21-22°C

pH:

6.9 – 7.1

Dissolved oxygen:

7.9-8.1 mg/L

Salinity:

Not indicated

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Initial concentrations of test substance: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/L

Stock solutions: 12.5, 25, 50, 62.5 mg/L
Measured concentrations of stock solutions: 11, 23, 49, 59 mg/L
More details are provided under "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test type: Semi-static
- Renewal of test solution: daily
- Test vessel:
- Type: open, loosely covered
- Size: 250 mL
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- Volume/animal: 20 mL water/animal

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted medium Elendt M4
- Alkalinity: not reported
- Conductivity: not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: not reported

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobility

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: immobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

2.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: immobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: immobility

Remarks on result:

other: 3.0 - 4.2 mg/L

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: immobility

Details on results:

- Other biological observations: none
- Mortality of control: 0%

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC50 values calculated using logistic model (Ashton, 1972), 95% confidence limits estimated by likelihood ratio method (Williams, 1986).

Immobility data

Test­-Substance Concentration (nominal) [mg/L]	Cumulative immobility
	Number		Percentage
	24 h	48 h	24 h	48 h
5	0	0	0	0
0.625	0	0	0	0
1.25	0	0	0	0
2.5	0	0	0	0
5.0	18	20	90	100
10.0	20	20	100	100
Temperature [°C]	22	21	22	21
pH	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.9
Oxygen [mg/L]	8.1	7.8	8.1	7.8

 

Effect data

-	24 h [mg/L]^1	95 % c.l.	48 h [mg/L]^1	95 % c.l.
LC0	n.d.	n.a.	2.5	n.a.
LC50	4.1	3.4-4.6	3.5	3.0-4.2
LC100	n.d.	n.a.	5.0	n.a.

¹effect data are based on nominal concentrations

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

(Criteria according to OECD 202: Mortality of control animals <10%; Concentration of dissolved oxygen in all test vessels > 60% saturation; Concentration of test substance equal to or greater than 80% of initial concentration during test)

Conclusions:

The study and the conclusions which are drawn from it fulfill the quality criteria (validity, reliability, repeatability). The study is valid and did not deviate from the guideline. The EC50 for daphnia was determined to be 3.5 mg/L.
Within regards to the analytical methods, concentrations of stock solution were analysed and ranged from 83-91% of nominal at 0 hours and 85-97% of nominal at 72 hours and in the high concentration 61-81 % of nominal, which confirms that the test systems were dosed correctly, and thus fulfils the data point.

Executive summary:

Materials and methods

An acute toxicity test in Daphnia magna was performed according to OECD 202 without deviations. Daphnids were exposed for 48 h to 5 different concentrations in order to derive a EC50.

Results

NOEC: 2.5 mg/L

EC0: 2.5 mg/L

EC50: 3.5 mg/L with a 95 % confidential interval of 3.0 - 4.2 mg/L

EC100: 5.0 mg/L

Description of key information

Short term toxicity of KMPS triple salt to aquatic invertebrates was tested in two key studies and one supporting study. The acute toxicity test to Daphnia magna according to the EU test method  C2  and the OECD Test Guideline 202 was tested in a semi static test. The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to Mysid shrimp was determined in a semistatic dose-response 96-h test according to the US EPA guideline 850.1035. The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to Daphnia magna was determined in a static-test system according to the OECD Guideline No. 202, with an exposure period of 24 h.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

3.5 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

1.18 mg/L

Additional information

The acute toxicity test in Daphnia magna was performed according to EU Guideline C2 and the OECD Guideline 202 without deviations. Daphnids were exposed for 48 h to 5 different concentrations in order to derive an EC 50 of 3.5 mg/L

The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to Mysid shrimp was determined in a semistatic dose-response 96-h test according to the US EPA guideline 850.1035. The 96 -h LC50 was determined to be 1180 µg KMPS triple salt/L with a confidence interval of 1070 - 1290 µg KMPS triple salt/L.

The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to Daphnia magna was determined in a static-test system according to the OECD Guideline No. 202, with an exposure period of 24 h. The calculated EC 50 was 5.3 mg/L.