Triphenyl phosphate

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: study design based on national standard method; detailed documentation (also assessed by OECD)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: see below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method used is based on US-EPA procedure 'Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians; EPA-660/3-75-009 (1975)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

TPP purchased from Eastman Kodak Comp., no further information

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Water samples were taken for analysis

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Acetone - no concentrations given

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Rainbow trout sac-fry 10 days old, average weight 0.081 g and average length: 22.3 mm were used. Acclimatisation took place over about 4 days

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Hardness:

295 - 305 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

12 °C

pH:

7.4 - 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

7.3 - 8.5 mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.055, 0.090, 0.125, 0.16, 0.24, 0.31, 0.45 mg/L (nominal); highest concentration measured and used for estimation of the lower concentrations

Details on test conditions:

Glass aquaria (30 x 60 x 30cm) divided into two small equal and one large chamber were used, total volume of test solution maintained at about 42l, connected to a dilution device to give measured concentrations of TPP. 30 fish used for each test.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

0.055 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

0.037 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

EC10 based on test with sac fry
NOEC based on test with fingerling under same conditions

Conclusions:

In a flow through study a 30 day LOEC of 0.055 mg/L was determined for the sac fry stage regarding the endpoints length and weight. From the test raw data an EC10 of 0.037 mg/L was calculated, equipollent to the NOEC.

Executive summary:

In a flow through study, conducted based on US-EPA procedure 'Methods for acute  toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians;  EPA-660/3-75-009 (1975), a 30 day LOEC of 0.055 mg/L was determined for the sac fry stage regarding the endpoints length and weight. From the test raw data an EC10 of 0.037 mg/L was calculated, equipollent to the NOEC.

Description of key information

The key study for long-term toxicity to fish (Sitthichaikasem, 1978) started with 10 d old sac frys and lasted 30 days and is considered part of an Early Life Stage Test. No NOEC was obtained with the triphenyl phosphate concentrations tested. With the raw data given in the test protocol, an EC10 of 0.037 mg/L can be calculated, equipollent to NOEC according to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment by the European Chemicals Agency, 2008.

 

In a more recent fish sexual development test according to OECD 234 (2021) the effects of TPP on danio rerio were investigated for several endpoints, including potential endocrine disruption. In this study no endocrine related effect of triphenyl phosphate on the test organism was determined. However, based on the endpoint post-hatch survival at test termination, the following NOEC was determined:

 

NOEC = 3.01 μg triphenyl phosphate/L (mean measured concentration), corresponding to NOEC = 3.20 μg triphenyl phosphate/L (nominal concentration).

 

The LC10 was determined to be 4.80 µg triphenyl phosphate/L (mean measured; CL= 2.71 µg/L to 6.80 µg/L).

 

The determined LC10 was chosen as the key value for the long-term toxicity to fish. The corresponding RSS is located in section 6.1.8 Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates - in vivo.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

LC10

Effect concentration:

4.8 µg/L