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EC number: 203-490-6 | CAS number: 107-43-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 APR 2010
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- Manufacturer's data based on best practise found for granulometric analysis of betaine. The study was performed in the manufacturer's laboratory which has an ISO 9001 quality certificate.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Best practise found by manufacturer to determine particle size of betaine by mechanical sieving. Test is performed to analyze crystal size distribution and fineness number with two different sieve series. Standard deviation for first sieving 34 %, and for second sieving 30 %.
Sieve analyses were carried out useing Fritch sieving equipment Analysette 3. Diameter of the sieves used was 200 mm. The vibration amplitude was set to value 7 which is commonly used in determining the particle size of different crystallized sugars. The vibration time was six minutes and it was continuously on (setting “perm” chosen). All the chosen sieves were piled to the sieve base. 100 grams of crystals was weighted and put to the top sieve. The cover was attached and then the equipment was started. After six minutes vibration time the sieves were weighted.
The first sieve series consisted on the following sieves: 1.000 mm, 0.800 mm, 0.630 mm, 0.500 mm, 0.400 mm, 0.315 mm, 0.200 mm and 0.125 mm.
The second sieve series consisted on the following sieves: 0.500 mm, 0.400 mm, 0.315 mm, 0.200 mm, 0.125 mm, 0.075 mm, 0.045 mm and 0.025 mm. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- sieving
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- >= 0.315 - <= 400 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: First sieving: Fineness number of the crystals with this sieve series was 0.404 mm. Standard deviation was 34%. Second sieving: Fineness number of the crystals was 0.408 mm. Standard deviation was 30%.
- Percentile:
- D99
- Mean:
- >= 0.315 - <= 0.4 mm
- St. dev.:
- 34
- Percentile:
- D99
- Mean:
- >= 0.315 - <= 0.4 mm
- St. dev.:
- 30
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- >= 0.045 - <= 0.075 mm
- Distribution:
- <= 1 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 1%
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- > 0.075 - <= 0.125 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 2.9 - <= 3.3 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 2.3-2.9 %
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- >= 0.125 - <= 0.2 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 6.8 - <= 7 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 3.7-3.9 %
- No.:
- #4
- Size:
- >= 0.2 - <= 0.315 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 23 - <= 23.4 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 16.2-16.4 %
- No.:
- #5
- Size:
- > 0.315 - < 0.4 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 47.9 - <= 48.8 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 24.5-25.8 %
- No.:
- #6
- Size:
- >= 0.4 - <= 0.5 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 78.2 - <= 80.8 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 29.4-32.9%
- No.:
- #7
- Size:
- 0.5 - 0.63 mm
- Distribution:
- >= 95.7 - 100 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 17.5-19.3 %
- No.:
- #8
- Size:
- 0.63 - 0.8 mm
- Distribution:
- <= 98.7 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 3%
- No.:
- #9
- Size:
- 0.8 - 1 mm
- Distribution:
- <= 99.5 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 0.8 %
- No.:
- #10
- Size:
- >= 1 mm
- Distribution:
- <= 100 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: mass fraction: 0.5 %
- Conclusions:
- The particle size of betaine varies between different products. The particle size of the most common product (tradename Betafin BP) was measured by using two different sieving series.The particle size distribution of the two measurements showed that the mean diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.315-0.4 mm. Based on the cumulative frequency distribution 48-49 % of this material is smaller than 0.4 mm. 2.9-3.3 % of the sieved material has particle size between 0.075 mm and 0.125 mm. 1% of the particles are smaller than 0.075 mm.
The very hygroscopic nature of betaine may affect particle size analysis. It is not possible to determine particle size distribution when humidity is present to the extent that it is disturbing meachanical sieving. - Executive summary:
The particle size of betaine varies between different products. The particle size of the most common product (tradename Betafin BP) was measured by using two different sieving series.The particle size distribution of the two measurements showed that the mean diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.315-0.4 mm. Based on the cumulative frequency distribution 48-49 % of this material is smaller than 0.4 mm. 2.9-3.3 % of the sieved material has particle size between 0.075 mm and 0.125 mm. 1% of the particles are smaller than 0.075 mm.
Reference
Description of key information
The study was carried out by mechanical sieving using a vibratory sieve shaker. The study was performed in the manufacturer's laboratory which has an ISO 9001 quality certificate.
Additional information
The particle size distribution from two measurements showed that the mean diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.315-0.4 mm. Based on the cumulative frequency distribution 48-49 % of this material is smaller than 0.4 mm. 2.9-3.3 % of the sieved material has a particle size between 0.075 mm and 0.125 mm. 1% of the particles are smaller than 0.075 mm.
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