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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
- Report date:
- 1991
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 81-4 (Acute Eye Irritation)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cyanamide
- EC Number:
- 206-992-3
- EC Name:
- Cyanamide
- Cas Number:
- 420-04-2
- Molecular formula:
- CH2N2
- IUPAC Name:
- cyanamide
- Test material form:
- other: aqueous solution
- Details on test material:
- - Test substance: Cyanamid L500 (supplied as aqueous solution)
- Purity: 49 % (w/w), equivalent to 520 g/L of active substance Hydrogen cyanamide
- Appearance: Clear colourless liquid
- Lot/Batch number: 06/20/91
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- - Source: Foxfields Rabbits; Petersfield, Hampshire, England
- Body weight and age: Body weight 3 kg, approximately 14 weeks old
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes
- Amount / concentration applied:
- A single dose of 0.1 mL of the test substance
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Not indicated
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Examination of the eye was made 1 hour as well as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 day after the end of exposure.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 1 rabbit
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 96 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 7 d
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 48, 72 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 96 hours
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 96, 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- : redness
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24, 48, 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: At 48 and 72 hours also an haemorrhage of the nictating membrane was observed.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- : redness
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 96 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: An haemorrhage of the nictating membrane was also observed.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- : redness
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1, 24 hours
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 48, 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 96 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Remarks:
- : redness
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- One hour after the end of exposure the cornea was dull and by the following day an opacity had developed which persisted for the following three days and resolved seven days after instillation. Iritis was observed two and three days after the end of exposure. A diffuse conjunctiva redness was accompanied by swelling, the lids half closed and a copious discharge.
- Other effects:
- There was also evidence of haemorrhage on the nictating membrane.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Results of the primary eye irritation test in a rabbit with cyanamide:
Time | Cornea | Iris | Conjunctiva | ||
redness | chemosis | discharge | |||
1 hour | D* | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
24 hours | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
48 hours | 2 | 1 | 2+ | 2 | 2 |
72 hours | 2 | 1 | 2+ | 2 | 2 |
96 hours | 1 | 0 | 1+ | 1 | 1 |
7 days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
mean scores 24-72 h | 2 | 0.67 | 2 | 2.3 |
|
D = Dulling of the cornea
+haemorrhage of nictating membrane
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Cyanamide was found to be an eye irritant to one New Zealand white rabbit under the test conditions.
- Executive summary:
The test substance, Cyanamid L500 (supplied as aqueous solution) was applied in a single dose of a 0.1 mL aliquot into the lower everted lid of one eye of an adult New Zealand white rabbit (body weight 3 kg, 14 weeks old). The contralateral eye remained untreated and served as a control. Examination of the eye was made 1 hour as well as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 day after the end of exposure. The animal was observed daily for clinical signs and behaviour.
One hour after the end of exposure the cornea was dull and by the following day an opacity had developed which persisted for the following three days and resolved seven days after instillation. Iritis was observed two and three days after the end of exposure. A diffuse conjunctiva redness was accompanied by swelling with the lids half closed and a copious discharge. There was also evidence of haemorrhage on the nictating membrane. All lesions had resolved seven days after the end of exposure. The mean scores (24- 72 hours) for the examined parameters were as follows: Cornea:2, iris: 0.67, conjunctiva redness: 2, chemosis: 2.3.
Due to the severity of the reaction no further animals were exposed to the test substance.
Under the test conditions the test substance examined in a rabbit can be considered as an eye irritant.
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