Registration Dossier

Diss Factsheets

Manufacture, use & exposure

Formulation

Documentsopen allclose all

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Production of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
Name of activity / technique:
Production of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
17.1 Production of brazing alloys
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
yes
Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Estimate of the 75th percentile of typical shift mean exposures, derived using expert judgement taking account of recent measurement data for powder metallurgy and data described in the EU RAR (2008-2009) for powder metallurgy and alloy production.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile for long-term exposure, assumes effective LEV or containment in place
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Estimate of the 75th percentile of typical shift mean exposures, derived using expert judgement taking account of recent measurement data for powder metallurgy and data described in the EU RAR (2008-2009) for powder metallurgy and alloy production.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile for long-term exposure, assumes effective LEV or containment in place
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel for the formulation of nickel containing catalysts and catalyst precursors
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Formulation of powdered catalysts or shaped catalysts from powdered raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Formulation of shaped catalysts from shaped raw materials and regeneration of shaped catalysts
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
PC 0: Other: UCN P15500
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Production of silver-nickel contact material ES1 direct discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Production of silver-nickel contact material ES2 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
19.1 Production of Ni contact material
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
6.1 Raw material handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
6.2 First processing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
6.4 Finishing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no
Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal
Effectiveness
Route affected:
eye
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
nickel
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: bulk
Reference substance:
nickel
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of dusty raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of massive raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Melting, casting and tapping
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Atomisation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Name of activity / technique:
Powder handling and packaging
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Powder pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Wet cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning/removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES1 STP discharge
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES2 direct discharge
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
37.1 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
37.2 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Name of activity / technique:
37.3 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
37.4 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
yes
Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term inhalable modelled estimate
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term inhalable modelled estimate
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Reference
Name:
Nickel
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: bulk
Reference substance:
Nickel
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
35.1 Raw material handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
35.2 Melting Operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
35.3 Atomisation Operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
35.4 Sieving and filling containers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
SpERC
Remarks:
SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Name of activity / technique:
Formulation into solid matrix
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 13: Fuels
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
PC 25: Metal working fluids
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of dusty raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of massive raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Melting, casting and tapping
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Atomisation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Name of activity / technique:
Powder handling and packaging
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Powder pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Wet cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning/removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Production of silver-nickel contact material ES1 direct discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Production of silver-nickel contact material ES2 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
19.1 Production of Ni contact material
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to marine water
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of dusty raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of massive raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Smelting, melting and casting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Rolling, milling or forging
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Grinding
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Annealing and pickling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Welding
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
Low energy handling of massive objects
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging, shipping and storage
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Wet cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning/removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW STP
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW direct
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - marine
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Powder handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of resin formulations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Laboratory testing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning/removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Reference
Name:
Nickel
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Nickel
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES1 STP discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES2 direct discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES3 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
13.1 Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
13.2 Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 19: Intermediate
PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES1 STP discharge
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES2 direct discharge
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
13.1 Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
13.2 Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 19: Intermediate
PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
yes
Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
yes

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Exposure estimation tool name:
other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
6.1 Raw material handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
6.2 First processing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
6.4 Finishing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
dermal
Effectiveness
Route affected:
eye
Effectiveness
Route affected:
inhalation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
Nickel
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
Reference substance:
Nickel
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW STP
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW direct
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Name of activity / technique:
Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - marine
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Powder handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of resin formulations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Laboratory testing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning/removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Product category formulated:
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Name of activity / technique:
Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
7.1 Raw material handling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
7.2 First processing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
7.4 Finishing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
Name of activity / technique:
7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.

Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)

Conditions of use for the environment

Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Route affected:
water
Effectiveness
Route affected:
air

Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant

Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
no

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)

Other conditions of use

Other conditions affecting environmental exposure

Other conditions of use

Releases to waste and the environment

Release to the environment

ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release from the site to::
surface water
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor
Release from the site to::
ambient air
Release estimation method:
estimated release factor

Release to external waste

Exposure of the environment

PECopen allclose all
Exposed compartment:
freshwater
Exposed compartment:
sediment (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
marine water
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
sediment (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (freshwater)
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (marine water)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
top predators' prey (marine water)
Exposed compartment:
sewage treatment plant
Exposed compartment:
agricultural soil
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
EUSES
Exposed compartment:
predators' prey (terrestrial)
Exposure estimation method:
other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
Exposed compartment:
air
Exposure estimation method:
other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

OtherCondRepopen allclose all

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

TechCondRepopen allclose all

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (external) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) long-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (internal) short-term exposure
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
exposure estimation tool
Exposure estimation tool name:
MEASE
Type of exposure:
dermal (external) short-term exposure

Contributing scenario for the workers

Conditions of use for workers

Product (article) characteristics

Other product (article) characteristics

Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure

Other conditions

Technical and organisational conditions and measures

Technical and organisational conditions

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Other conditions affecting workers exposure

Other conditions of use

Exposure of workers

ExpEstopen allclose all
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
measured data
Type of exposure:
inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
Exposure estimation method:
other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for hot rolling