Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-111-4 | CAS number: 7440-02-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Manufacture, use & exposure
Formulation
Documentsopen allclose all
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 17.1 Production of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile of typical shift mean exposures, derived using expert judgement taking account of recent measurement data for powder metallurgy and data described in the EU RAR (2008-2009) for powder metallurgy and alloy production.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile for long-term exposure, assumes effective LEV or containment in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile of typical shift mean exposures, derived using expert judgement taking account of recent measurement data for powder metallurgy and data described in the EU RAR (2008-2009) for powder metallurgy and alloy production.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile for long-term exposure, assumes effective LEV or containment in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel for the formulation of nickel containing catalysts and catalyst precursors
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of powdered catalysts or shaped catalysts from powdered raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of shaped catalysts from shaped raw materials and regeneration of shaped catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of silver-nickel contact material ES1 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of silver-nickel contact material ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 19.1 Production of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 37.1 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 37.2 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
- Name of activity / technique:
- 37.3 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 37.4 Use of nickel metal in formulating surface treatment products
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation of metal compounds (paints and coatings)” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalable modelled estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalable modelled estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
- Route affected:
- water
- Route affected:
- air
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Route affected:
- water
- Route affected:
- air
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Route affected:
- water
- Route affected:
- air
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation into solid matrix
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category formulated:
- PC 13: Fuels
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloy powders by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of silver-nickel contact material ES1 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of silver-nickel contact material ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 19.1 Production of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Reasonable estimate of the 75th percentile of long-term mean exposure based on information from other powder metallurgy processes and expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Short term peak exposure estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure. A factor of 10 takes account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations. Assumes use of RPE with
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Screening
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging of resin formulations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory testing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 13.1 Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 13.2 Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category formulated:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture of Ni-containing catalysts from NiO-containing catalyst precursors ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 13.1 Manufacture of powdered catalysts or production of shaped catalysts (e.g. encapsulated powders) from powdered precursors
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 13.2 Manufacture of shaped catalysts (e.g. extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres) from shaped precursors
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category formulated:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x estimated 75th percentile of maximum exposure concentrations measured for manufacturing processes relevant to the production of nickel metal catalyst involving powdered raw materials or products. assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile shift mean exposure concentration; Assumes automation and complete enclosure of thermal processing and mechanized transfer operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES1 direct discharge D10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES2 direct discharge D100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES3 direct discharge D1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Stainless, special steels and special alloys manufacturing (S4A) ES4 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 6.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile long-term inhalation exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for hot rolling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile long-term exposure for annealing, pickling, and welding
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- eye
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile for cleaning and maintenance (full shift)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Acute exposure assumed to be 3X long term calculated with MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in formulating and repackaging of surface treatment products - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Screening
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging of resin formulations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory testing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES1 Direct discharge D10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES2 Direct discharge D100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Name of activity / technique:
- Integrated steel and iron manufacturing ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.2 First processing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3a. Further processing (hot rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.3b. Further processing (cold rolling)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.4 Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.5 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 7.6 Packing, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category formulated:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 90th percentile longterm inhalation exposure for raw material handling
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x 75th percentile longterm exposure for steelmaking and casting
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure