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EC number: 215-202-6 | CAS number: 1313-13-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Performed to good scientific standard, but not to GLP and conducted using non standard method.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute pulmonary toxicity of manganese dioxide
- Author:
- Bergström R
- Year:
- 1 977
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand. J . Work Environ. and Health, 3(1):5-40
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Guinea pigs were exposed to MnO2 dust aerosols for 24 hours in order to assess the following parameters:
-Pulmonary clearance of MnO2
-Number of free lung cells present in the airways after an acute exposure to MnO2
- The phagocytic activity of the alveolar macrophages at different times after MnO2 exposure.
-The effects of an exposure to bacteria (E. cloacae) on the clearance of MnO2, the inflammatory response and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese dioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-202-6
- EC Name:
- Manganese dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-13-9
- Molecular formula:
- MnO2
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxomanganese
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- 6-7 animals per cage (55 x 33 x 18 cm)
food and water available ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Animals were put in 4 cages each holding 6-7 animals. The cages were placed in a stainless steel chamber with a volume of 0.67 m³.
- Source and rate of air: MnO2 dust was mixed with sterile filtered air and introduced into the chamber from the top and sucked through the chamber at a flow of 8m³/h.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Dust aerosol was generated using a Rag Pe generator
- Method of particle size determination: A ROYCO optical particle counter model 225 was used to measure the size of the particle and their distribution.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: A negative pressure of 5 mm of water was maintained within the chamber during the exposure.
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: 87 ±13.4% of particles were ≥ 3.0 µm - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Concentrations:
- 22 ± 9.2 mg MnO2/m³ air
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 6-7
- Control animals:
- yes
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Clearance of MnO2 from the lungs of guinea pigs was rapid; at 7 days post exposure nearly all MnO2 had been cleared. The number of macrophages was significantly decreased immediately after MnO2 exposure; following which a successive increase took place during the following 7 days. The increase in the number of leukocytes followed a wave pattern response with peaks at 1 and 3 days post exposure.
Approx. 50% of macrophages contained phagocytised particles immediately after exposure. This value decreased to 15% 7 days after exposure.
An increased clearance of viable bacteria took place 1 h after exposure to bacteria in animals already exposed to MnO2. This value decreased at 3, 5 and 24 hrs.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- MnO2 induces pathological reactions in the lung via cellular elements normally present in the lungs.
- Executive summary:
Guinea pigs were exposed to MnO2 dust aerosols for 24 hours in order to assess the following parameters:
-Pulmonary clearance of MnO2
-Number of free lung cells present in the airways after an acute exposure to MnO2
- The phagocytic activity of the alveolar macrophages at different times after MnO2 exposure.
-The effects of an exposure to bacteria (E. cloacae) on the clearance of MnO2, the inflammatory response and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages.
Under the conditions of the study clearance of MnO2 from the lungs of guinea pigs was rapid; at 7 days post exposure nearly all MnO2 had been cleared. The number of macrophages was significantly decreased immediately after MnO2 exposure; following which a successive increase took place during the following 7 days. The increase in the number of leukocytes followed a wave pattern response with peaks at 1 and 3 days post exposure. Approximately 50% of macrophages contained phagocytised particles immediately after exposure. This value decreased to 15% 7 days after exposure. An increased clearance of viable bacteria took place 1 hour after exposure to bacteria in animals already exposed to MnO2. This value decreased at 3, 5 and 24 hours.
It can therefore be concluded that MnO2 induces pathological reactions in the lung via cellular elements normally present in the lungs.
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