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EC number: 265-996-3 | CAS number: 65996-65-8 The product of agglomerating iron ore fines, concentrates, iron sinter, and other iron-bearing materials. Includes pellets, nodules and briquettes.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The structure of iron ore pellets consists essentially of iron oxide grains. The bonding of the grains occur by oxide bridging, recrystallisation of hematite and to a lesser extent by the formation of fused silicate phases. Since silicates are inert and no effect on the environment is expected, the endpoints in Chapters 5 and 6 are based on the effects of iron as a worst case in these substances. More information on the justification of read across can be found in the attached document in the endpoint summaries of section 5 and 6.
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Data source
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Available data do suggest that iron salts are relatively non toxic and this was sufficient for the EU Classification and Labelling Committee to determine that there was no need for classification of iron salts. It was also concluded that iron massive and sparingly soluble forms of iron are highly insoluble and non-hazardous. Literary studies have extensively used test solutions with iron concentrations above that of its solubility limit. Due to physical effects of precipitated material some of these studies are meaningless for the investigation of intrinsic toxicity. Iron ions released to surface waters quickly form insoluble iron hydroxides in mixing zones. These positively charged iron (III) colloids will react with the negatively charge mucus that lines the fish gill. This accumulation of iron on the fish gill results in physical effects. Iron has complex redox chemistry. In very special conditions transient iron species can be formed that cause toxicity. These conditions however are not typical of most ambient conditions and are more representative of specific mixing zones. In ambient conditions, the dissolved natural background concentrations of iron, in most cases, are at equilibrium therefore an addition of iron would lead to the precipitation of iron compounds from solution and are therefore not intrinsically toxic. Therefore a PNEC is not required. More information can be found in the attached position paper and WCA report on the aqueous environmental chemistry of iron.
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