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EC number: 266-028-2 | CAS number: 65996-93-2 The residue from the distillation of high temperature coal tar. A black solid with an approximate softening point from 30°C to 180°C (86°F to 356°F). Composed primarily of a complex mixture of three or more membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Dermal Absorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Blood-Perfused Pig Ear
- Author:
- Van Rooij JGM, Vinke E, De Lange J, Bruijnzeel PL, Bodelier-Bade MM, Noordhoek J, Jongeneelen FJ
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Appl. Toxicol., 15, 193-200
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Skin model/in-vitro blood perfusion model: by de Lange et al. 1991, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 27, 71-77
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tar, coal, high-temp.
- EC Number:
- 266-024-0
- EC Name:
- Tar, coal, high-temp.
- Cas Number:
- 65996-89-6
- IUPAC Name:
- 65996-89-6
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Coal tar
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: liquid, viscous
- Composition and analytical limits
Coal tar, industrial, from ACSZ/NL which contained the test PAH in the following concentrations:
Content Detection limit
in coal tar [%] [pmol/ml blood]
=====================================
fluorene 2.1 53.0
phenanthrene 6.8 1.7
anthracene 3.7 2.0
fluoranthene 4.0 51.0
pyrene 2.1 2.7
benzo[b]fluoranthene 0.9 7.8
benzo[k]fluoranthene 0.4 0.3
BaP 0.9 6.3
indeno[123-cd]pyrene 0.6 8.3
dibenzo[ah]anthracene 0.4 16.5
=====================================
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- pig
- Strain:
- other: domestic
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Slaughterhouse: no details
- Weight at study initiation: 75 – 100 kg
-
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C):
- Humidity (%):
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- average perfusion time: 250 min
- Doses:
- ~11 mg tar/cm2 [100 %]
Content Single PAH dose
in coal tar [%] [µg/cm2]
===========================================
fluorene 2.1 230
phenanthrene 6.8 750
anthracene 3.7 410
fluoranthene 4.0 440
pyrene 2.1 230
benzo[b]fluoranthene 0.9 90
benzo[k]fluoranthene 0.4 44
BaP 0.9 90
indeno[123-cd]pyrene 0.6 66
dibenzo[ah]anthracene 0.4 44
===========================================
Total ~22 % ~2400 µg/cm2 - No. of animals per group:
- 5 pig ears per treatment
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
not applicable
APPLICATION OF DOSE: topical to the ear
VEHICLE: not applicable
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: no particular action
- Area of exposure: 6 x 4 cm2
- Type of cover / wrap if used: none
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Perfusion: until perfusion pressure became too high (> 70 mm Hg), max. 250 min.
- Removal of protecting device: not relevant
- Washing procedures and type of cleansing agent: not relevant, termination of test
- Time after start of exposure: max. 250 min
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of blood: 200 min, for pyrene: complete kinetics with 10 – 11 time intervals up to 200 – 250 min
ANALYSIS
Blood samples (10 ml): Reversed-phase HPLC after 3-fold extraction with n-hexane, evaporation of the solvent
and re-dissolution of the residues in methanol (2 ml)
- Limits of detection and quantification: see above under dose
The method for analysis of the 10 PAHs has an average coefficient of variation of 14.4 %.
Recovery ranged from 45 % for dibenzo[a]anthracene to 97 % for anthracene.
STATISTICS:
Paired t-test to determine whether the dermal absorption of the various PAH was statistically different from pyrene absorption. - Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- In-vitro blood perfusion model:
Five ears from domestic pigs were used to study the uptake of 10 PAH in blood after coal-tar application.
The treatment started after 30-min pre-perfusion with oxygenated blood.Perfusion at 30 °C with heparinized pig blood collected from the pigs.
Coal tar was applied to a skin area of 6x4 cm2 with an average dose of 11 mg/cm2.
Simultaneously, functional control measurements were conducted to assure the physiological integrity of the organ, including blood pressure,
blood flow, and glucose uptake.
Results and discussion
- Total recovery:
- see also above "Details of Study Design"
- Limit of detection (LOD): see under "Doses"
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- no data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Initial absorption rates of 10 PAHs from coal tar applied to the perfused pig ear
Absorption fluxes at 200 min p.a. | ||
pmol/(h*cm2) | ng/(h*cm2) | |
fluorene | 430 | approx. 71 |
phenanthrene | 580 | approx. 103 |
anthracene | 110 | approx. 19.5 |
fluoranthene | 105 | approx. 21 |
pyrene | 60 | approx. 12 |
benzo[b]fluoranthene | 3 | approx. 0.8 |
benzo[k]fluoranthene | 1 | -- |
BaP | 3 | approx. 0.8 |
indeno[123-cd]pyrene | 1 | -- |
dibenzo[ah]anthracene | 1 | -- |
The mean absorption fluxes [pmol/(h*cm2)] at 200 min after application of coal tar varied strongly between the 10 PAH.
Furthermore, variation between ears was high, too: for pyrene, for example, the flux ranged between 6 and 155 pmol/(h*cm2) and the cumulative uptake after 200 min was between 26 and 193 pmol/cm2. This was not caused by differences in dosing: applied amounts were high overdoses, because 0.2 % of each PAH was absorbed through the skin after 200 min.
The relative cumulative uptake (in relation to pyrene) was 0.01 for indeno[123-cd]pyrene to 12 for phenanthrene, for each PAH except fluoranthene, statistically different from pyrene uptake (p= 0.01). The inter-ear variation was relatively small when the absorbed amount was related to pyrene, indicating that the relative absorption fluxes of the various PAH were quite constant.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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