Pitch, coal tar, high-temp.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study, basic data given, acceptable for assessment, documentation of chemical analysis unclear

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Predicting petroleum phototoxicity

Author:

Wernersson A-S

Year:

2003

Bibliographic source:

Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 54, 355-365 (2003)

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Phototoxicity identification by solid phase extraction and photoinduced toxicity to Daphnia magna. .

Author:

Wernersson A-S, Dave G

Year:

1997

Bibliographic source:

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 32, 268-273 (1997)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

ISO 1996

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Comparative testing programme including 14 PAHs examined in the absence and presence of UV light (see overview on results: attached background material)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Benzo[def]chrysene

EC Number:

200-028-5

EC Name:

Benzo[def]chrysene

Cas Number:

50-32-8

Molecular formula:

C20H12

IUPAC Name:

benzo[pqr]tetraphene

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

benzo[a]pyrene / benzo[def]chrysene

IUPAC Name:

benzo[a]pyrene / benzo[def]chrysene

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): benzo(a)pyrene
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C20H12
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 252
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: solid
- Source: Sigma Chem. Comp.
- Analytical purity: 99 % (acc. to Wernersson, Dave 1997)
- Typical concentration in coal-tar pitch: 1.0 - 1.3 % (data from NL 2008: Coal-Tar Pitch, Annex-XV dossier )

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (data from NL 2008: Coal-Tar Pitch, Annex-XV dossier, and WHO 1998: EHC 202, if not otherwise indicated)
- Vapour pressure: 7.3*10^-7 Pa (at 25 °C)
- Water solubility: in freshwater, approx. 1.5 - 3.8 µg/L (20 - 25 °C);
soluble portion of the WSF of coal-tar pitch (loading 100 mg/L): [see 4.8: NOACK 2009_WSF, 100 mg/L nominal]
- Henry's law constant: 0.034 Pa*m3/mol (at 25 °C)
- log Pow: = 6.13 - 6.5

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solution in acetone (no details) used to prepare an aqueous saturated stock solution
- Eluate: no
- Differential loading: no
- Sequential dilution: 1. addition of an appropriate amount of stock solution to the bottom of the beaker to prepare the highest test concentration
2. Evaporation of teh solvent at room temperature
3. Addition of dilution water and ultrasonic treatment (2x 1 min, 60 W, 20 kHz, acc. to Wernersson and Dave 1997)
4. Dilution series in sequential dilution steps (no details)
- Controls: without TS, acetone evaporated, dilution water
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): none
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): A few water stock solution were supersaturated.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: in-house
- Age at study initiation: < 24 h

- Method of breeding: reconstituted water (no data, acc. to ISO 1996)
- Feeding during test no data

ACCLIMATION
- Type and amount of food: synthetic diet (no data, acc. to Dave et al. 1991)
- Feeding frequency: daily

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

250 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Test temperature:

21 +-1 °C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no data, sequential dilution from saturated aqueous stock

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Petri dish, glass, 10 cm in diameter, covered with a glass lid (acc. to Wernerson, Dave 1997)
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Fill volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20 (acc. to Wernerson, Dave 1997)
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: no data
- UV-intensity of 370±20 µW/cm2 (simulated sun light, 295-365 nm; peak 340 nm) for 2 h and 1 h recovery in the test medium
(UV exposure without lids)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): immobilisation


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data, probably 2 (acc. to Wernersson and Dave 1997)
- Range finding study: no data

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

mentioned in Wernersson and Dave 1997

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

59.7 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Remarks:

test material

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

in the absence of UV

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.16 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks:

in the presence of UV (2 h)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50/LC50: 2.3 - 2.6 µg/L with and without UV (acc. to Wernersson and Dave 1997)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Probit analysis or moving average method for determination of the EC50 values