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EC number: 201-766-0 | CAS number: 87-69-4
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.312 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.514 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.312 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 10 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 100
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 1.141 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 1.141 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.045 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
PNEC water(freshwater)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification | ||||
PNEC water (freshwater) | 0.3125 mg/L | 10 | Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies and (Q)SAR calculations with freshwater and saltwater aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008)is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. Long-term results from fish, daphnia, mysid shrimp and algae representing three trophic levels have been calculated using (Q)SAR.
The most critical result is the 72 hour NOEC in algae of 3.125 mg/L. Since the algae grow inhibition test is, in principle, a multi-generation test, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 3.125 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 10 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.3125 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/10 = 0.3125 mg/L
PNEC water (marine water)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (marine water) | 0.3125 mg/L | 10 | Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies and (Q)SAR calculations with freshwater and saltwater aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. Long-term results from fish, daphnia, mysid shrimp and algae representing three trophic levels have been calculated using (Q)SAR.
The most critical result is the 72 hour NOEC in algae of 3.125 mg/L. Since the algae grow inhibition test is, in principle, a multi-generation test, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 3.125 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 10 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.3125 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/10 = 0.3125 mg/L
PNEC water (intermittent release)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (intermittent release) | 0.514 mg/L | 100 | Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies with aquatic organisms |
The general principle given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the PNEC-values derived for freshwater or marine waters are based on the implicit assumption that the environmental exposure is constant. However, in many cases, discharges will be limited in time. In such cases, the environmental exposure will also be limited in time, and it is assumed that when exposure stops rapidly, populations can tolerate higher concentrations than when it is long lasting.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. The most critical short-term result is the 72 hour EC50 in algae of 51.4 mg/L. Therefore, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 51.4 mg/L as the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 100 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.514 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/100 = 0.514 mg/L
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) | 10 mg/L | 100 | Based on the results of an activated sludge respiration inhibition test |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor.
The PNEC is derived from the available Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test. An assessment factor (AF) of 100 is applied to the test concentration of 1000 mg/L at which no impact on activate sludge performance is observed, obtaining a PNEC for microorganisms of 10 mg/L.
PNEC microorganisms = test concentration with no toxicity /100 = 10 mg/L
PNEC sediment (freshwater)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (freshwater) | 1.141 mg/kg | Not applicable | Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Organic acids Log Kow < -1 |
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = 0.913 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.3125 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6
Hence:
PNECsediment wet = (0.913 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.248 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.248 * 4.6 = 1.141 mg/kg
PNEC sediment (marine water)
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (marine water) | 1.141 mg/kg | Not applicable | Equilibrium partitioning. Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Organic acids Log Kow < -1 |
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = 0.913 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [marine] = 0.3125 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsediment = (0.913 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.248 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.248 * 4.6 = 1.141 mg/kg
PNEC soil
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC soil | 0.0449 mg/kg | Not applicable | Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Organic acids Log Kow < -1 Water solubility: 1320 mg/L Vapour pressure: 5 Pa at 20°C MW: 152 g/mol |
An estimation of the PNECsoil can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNECsoil = (Ksoil-water / RHOsoil) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksoil-water = 0.216 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsoil = 1700 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.3125 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry soil = 1.13 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsoil wet = (0.216 / 1700) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.0397 mg/kg
PNECsoil dry = 0.0397 * 1.13 = 0.0449 mg/kg
PNEC oral
| Value | Assessment factor | Remarks/Justification |
PNEC oral | -- | -- | Not relevant |
The substance has no potential to cause toxic effects and there are no indications that it bioaccumulates in higher organisms. Based on the low bioaccumulation potential and its ready biodegradability secondary poisoning is not regarded as relevant.
Conclusion on classification
Aquatic Toxicity acute
The fish, daphnia, and algae acute aquatic toxicity are greater than 1 mg/L (96h LC50 (fish) > 100 mg/L, 48h EC50 (daphnia) = 93.3mg/L, and 72h ErC50 (algae) =51.4 mg/L). As a result, the substance does not meet the criteria for acute classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex I section 4.1.
Aquatic Toxicity chronic
The fish, daphnia, and algae acute aquatic toxicity are greater than 10 mg/l and lower than 100 mg/L (96h LC50 (fish) > 100 mg/L, 48h EC50 (daphnia) = 93.3mg/L, and 72h ErC50 (algae) =51.4 mg/L). As well, the substance is very soluble, ready biodegradable and has a Log Kow of -1.91. As a result, the substance does not meet the criteria for chronic classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex I section 4.1.
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