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EC number: 201-325-2 | CAS number: 81-11-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
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- Specific investigations
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- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Four strains were tested instead of 5.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Zeiger E. et al.
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Mutagen. 9, Suppl. 9, 1-110
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-325-2
- EC Name:
- 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid
- Cas Number:
- 81-11-8
- Molecular formula:
- C14H14N2O6S2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-ethene-1,2-diylbis(5-aminobenzenesulfonic acid)
- Details on test material:
- Purity of the test material was 93.7%.
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 from Aroclor 1254-induced rat or hamster liver
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 100, 333, 1000,
3333 or 5000 micrograms/ml - Vehicle / solvent:
- ethanol
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The positive controls in the absence of S-9 were sodium azide (TA1535 and TA100), 9-aminoacridine (TA97 and TA1537), and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98). The positive control in the presence of S-9 was 2-aminoanthracene for all strains.
- Positive control substance:
- other: The positive controls in the absence of S-9 were sodium azide (TA1535 and TA100), 9-aminoacridine (TA97 and TA1537), and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98). The positive control in the presence of S-9 was 2-aminoanthracene for all strains.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Test material was dissolved in 95% ethanol and incubated with S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 at 100, 333, 1000,
3333 or 5000 micrograms/ml with or without S-9 from Aroclor 1254-induced rat or hamster liver (10%) for 20 min at 37 degrees C without shaking. Top agar was added and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surfaces of petri dishes that contained Vogel-Bonner medium. The colonies present after 2 days of incubation at 37 degrees were handcounted if there was a precipitate; otherwise automatic colony counters were used. Tests were performed in triplicate. - Evaluation criteria:
- A chemical was judged to be a mutagen if a dose-related increase over the solvent control was observed and weakly mutagenic if a low-level dose
response was seen in duplicate tests. A test was considered questionable if the number of mutants at a single dose was elevated or if an increase that was not dose-related was seen. - Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative.
- Executive summary:
The potential for the test substance to induce an increase in reverse mutations in bacteria cells was evaluated in an AMES tes, according to the OECD Guideline 471. None of the concentrations tested caused an increase in the number of mutants in the absence or presence of 10% rat or hamster liver S-9. All positive controls induced at least a 2-fold increase in the number of mutants with respect to the vehicle control.
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