1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Aug 19, 2003 to Sept 9, 2003

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study performed according to international guidelines and GLPs using commercial product at test article, and results published in the literature.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2003

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Studies and evaluation of the potential toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ethane to five aquatic and sediment organisms.

Author:

Hardy et al.

Year:

2012

Bibliographic source:

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 75(1):73-9.

Reference 3

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Results of terrestrial and aquatic studies on the brominated flame retardant, decabromodipehnyl ethane, a.k.a. Ethane 1,2 bis(pentaromophenyl)

Author:

Hardy et al.

Year:

2009

Bibliographic source:

SETAC Annual Meeting, 2009, Nov 2009, New Orleans, LA

Reference 4

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2007

Reference 5

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2000

Reference 6

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1985

Reference 7

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1994

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]

EC Number:

284-366-9

EC Name:

1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]

Cas Number:

84852-53-9

Molecular formula:

C14H4Br10

IUPAC Name:

1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethyl]benzene

Details on test material:

98.34 % Decabromodiphenyl ethane
1.66 % Nonabromodiphenyl ethane

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

see below

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Scenedesmus capricornutum

Details on test organisms:

see below

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

no

Test conditions

Hardness:

see below

Test temperature:

see below

pH:

see below

Dissolved oxygen:

see below

Salinity:

see below

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0 (well water), 6.9, 14, 28, 55 and 110 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

see below

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

110 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: growth, density

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

110 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: growth, density

Details on results:

In the algae study, measured water temperatures were within the 24 ± 2°C range established for the test. Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained at or above 8.2 mg/L 91% of saturation) throughout the test. The pH of test solutions tended to increase relative to increases in algal densities, which is typical for tests conducted with S. capricornutum. Test solutions ranged from 7.7 to 7.8 at initiation to 9.5 to 10.1 at exposure termination. The light intensity was within the desired range of 4300 ± 10% lux. Changes in cell densities were evaluated over 96-hours, and were used to calculate areas under the growth curve (biomass) and growth rates for each 24-h interval. After 72 and 96 h of exposure, no apparent treatment-related effects on growth were observed at any of the loading rates tested. No significant differences between the negative control and treated groups’ growth were detected (p>0.05). The 72 and 96-h EL50, EbL50 and ErL50 values based on cell density, area under the growth curve and growth rate, respective, were >110 mg/L, the highest tested loading rate. The 72 and 96 h NOAELR for each parameter was 110 mg/L.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

After 72 and 96 h of exposure, no apparent treatment-related effects on growth were observed at any of the loading rates tested. No significant differences between the negative control and treated groups’ growth were detected (p>0.05). The 72 and 96-h EL50, EbL50 and ErL50 values based on cell density, area under the growth curve and growth rate, respective, were >110 mg/L, the highest tested loading rate. The 72 and 96 h NOAELR for each parameter was 110 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In the algae study, measured water temperatures were within the 24 ± 2°C range established for the test. Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained at or above 8.2 mg/L 91% of saturation) throughout the test. The pH of test solutions tended to increase relative to increases in algal densities, which is typical for tests conducted with S. capricornutum. Test solutions ranged from 7.7 to 7.8 at initiation to 9.5 to 10.1 at exposure termination. The light intensity was within the desired range of 4300 ± 10% lux. Changes in cell densities were evaluated over 96-hours, and were used to calculate areas under the growth curve (biomass) and growth rates for each 24-h interval. After 72 and 96 h of exposure, no apparent treatment-related effects on growth were observed at any of the loading rates tested. No significant differences between the negative control and treated groups’ growth were detected (p>0.05). The 72 and 96-h EL50, EbL50 and ErL50 values based on cell density, area under the growth curve and growth rate, respective, were >110 mg/L, the highest tested loading rate. The 72 and 96 h NOAELR for each parameter was 110 mg/L.