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EC number: 231-150-7 | CAS number: 7440-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- chemobiokinetics general studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2008-09-26 till 2009-05-08
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: taylor-made study (fit for purpose), conducted under GLP and well-documented
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- the dissolution behaviours/kinetics of different beryllium compounds in artificial lung fluids were compared
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- other: cell-free
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Beryllium
- EC Number:
- 231-150-7
- EC Name:
- Beryllium
- Cas Number:
- 7440-41-7
- Molecular formula:
- Be
- IUPAC Name:
- beryllium
- Details on test material:
- 1.
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Beryllium Metal Powder
- Substance type: metal
- Physical state: powdered solid
- Analytical purity: 99.4%
- Lot/batch No.: 0-30 H Grade/Blend #051106
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2050-12-31
- Storage condition of test material: dry
2.
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Copper-beryllium alloy powder
- Substance type: alloy
- Physical state: powdered solid
- Analytical purity: 95.9% (1.74% Beryllium)
- Lot/batch No.: BRA3677
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2050-12-31
- Storage condition of test material: dry
3.
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Beryllium Oxide Ceramic Powder
- Substance type: oxide
- Physical state: powdered solid
- Analytical purity: > 96.87%
- Lot/batch No.: TMI#-2008-302
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2010-06-01
- Storage condition of test material: dry
4.
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Beryllium Chloride Powder
- Substance type: salt
- Physical state: powdered solid
- Analytical purity: 99 % (11.4 % Beryllium)
- Lot/batch No.: 05987AH
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2010-06-01
- Storage condition of test material: dry
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- see table 1 and 2.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Dissolution at neutral pH
Gamble's (pH 7.1) |
Concentration of beryllium in the supernatant [mg/l] % beryllium dissolved of theoretically available for dissolution |
|||
|
Day 1 |
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 28 |
BeO Ceramic Powder |
|
|
|
|
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
|
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Be Metal Powder |
|
|
|
|
0.166 |
0.311 |
0.325 |
0.581 |
|
0.170 |
0.308 |
0.318 |
0.573 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BeCl2 |
|
|
|
|
0.807 |
0.699 |
0.371 |
0.514 |
|
7.01 |
6.29 |
3.24 |
4.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CuBe Alloy Metallic Powder |
|
|
|
|
0.199 |
0.706 |
0.653 |
0.771 |
|
11.2 |
40.9 |
35.0 |
43.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Dissolution at acidic pH
ALF (pH 4.5) |
Concentration of beryllium in the supernatant [mg/l] % beryllium dissolved of theoretically available for dissolution |
|||
|
Day 1 |
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 28 |
BeO Ceramic Powder |
|
|
|
|
<LOQ |
0.126 |
0.209 |
0.356 |
|
n.a. |
0.352 |
0.561 |
0.988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Be Metal Powder |
|
|
|
|
1.01 |
10.5 |
18.9 |
33.9 |
|
1.01 |
10.6 |
18.9 |
32.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BeCl2 |
|
|
|
|
11.0 |
11.0 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
|
93.9 |
93.9 |
87.2 |
90.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CuBe Alloy Metallic Powder |
|
|
|
|
0.709 |
1.80 |
1.86 |
1.80 |
|
40.8 |
97.5 |
103 |
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Beryllium metal, beryllium oxide ceramic and beryllium chloride are largely less soluble in artificail lung fluids compared to beryllium chloride. There are large differences in dissolution behaviour of the individual compounds. Read-across is (with regards to the different bioavailabilities assumed to be present based on these results) considered to be of limited value for beryllium and its compounds.
- Executive summary:
The dissolution behaviour (amount and kinetics) of different beryllium compounds in artificial lung fluids was investigated. The dissolution behaviour is considered to have significant influence on toxicokinetics of the individual compounds and the read-across possibilities with regards to toxicological properties of the beryllium compounds. The compounds (beryllium metal, copper-beryllium alloy, beryllium oxide ceramic and beryllium chloride) were grind to fine powders and loaded at the same loading rate into artificial lung fluids at either neutral pH (simulating the normal lung millieu) or at acidic pH (simulating a lysosomal environment). The concentration of dissolved beryllium in the samples (after removal of particulate matter by centrifugation) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry at day 1, day 7, day 14 and day 28 after start of incubation.
For all compounds, solubility at acidic pH was higher than at neutral pH. Solubility was beryllium chloride >> copper-beryllium alloy > beryllium metal >> beryllium oxide ceramic. For all compounds, the amount of dissolved beryllium stayed either constant or slowly increased with time.
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